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1 wine

wine [waɪn]

1. noun

vin m

2. transitive verb

• to wine and dine sb emmener qn au restaurant

3. compounds

► wine bar noun bar m à vin(s)

► wine box noun cubitainer ® m

► wine cask noun fût m

► wine-coloured adjective lie-de-vin inv

► wine grower noun viticulteur m, - trice f

► wine growing noun viticulture f adjective

[district, industry] vinicole

► wine list noun carte f des vins

► wine merchant noun (British) marchand (e) m(f) de vin ; (on larger scale) négociant (e) m(f) en vins

► wine rack noun casier m à bouteilles (de vin)

► wine tasting noun dégustation f (de vins)

► wine vinegar noun vinaigre m de vin

► wine waiter noun sommelier m, - ière f

* * *
[waɪn] 1.
noun

1) ( drink) vin m

2) ( colour) lie-de-vin m
2.
noun modifier [ production] de vin; [ cellar, glass, cask] à vin
3.
adjective (also wine-coloured) lie-de-vin inv

••

to wine and dine — manger dans les bons restaurants

English-French dictionary > wine
2 wine

wine ⇒ Colours

A n

1 ( drink) vin m ;

2 ( colour) lie-de-vin m, bordeaux m.

B modif [production] de vin ; [cellar, cask] à vin.

C adj ( also wine-coloured) lie-de-vin inv, bordeaux inv.

Idioms

to wine and dine manger dans les bons restaurants ; she's always being wined and dined elle se fait toujours inviter dans les bons restaurants.

Phrasal verb

■ wine up ○ US se cuiter ○.

Big English-French dictionary > wine
3 Wine

   The Portuguese winemaking tradition goes back to Roman times, when Lusitania began exporting wine to the city of Rome. The modern wine-exporting industry began with the Methuen Treaty (1703), which stipulated that henceforth Portuguese wines would be favored as exports to Great Britain in the same way that British woolens imported to Portugal would have advantages. Portugal has the oldest appellation system in the world, which was established by the first minister of King José I, the Marquis of Pombal in 1758. In that year, Pombal ordered the demarcation of the wine producing region along the Douro River valley, the Região Demarcada do Douro, in order to assure the production of high quality port wines. During the reign of King Carlos I (1889-1908), the Vinho Verde, Dão, Colares, Carcavelos, Setúbal, and Madeira regions were demarcated, each of which has its own Comissão Vitivinicola to supervise the preparation and cultivation of the vineyards and to assure the quality of the wines produced.

   Portuguese wines are labeled Denominação de Origem Controlada (DOC), which indicates that the wine is of superior quality from a specific vineyard; Indicação de Pronveniência Regulamentada (IPR), which indicates that wines so labeled were produced under some regulations in a certain demarcated region but are not DOC wines; Vinho Regional, which indicates that such wine was produced without regulation within a specific demarcated region; and Vinho de Mesa, which indicates only that the wine was made in Portugal by a certain producer.

   Portugal produces some of the world's top wines, the best of which are port, madeira, dão, moscatel, and vinho verde. Portugal's most widely known wines are its lightly sparkling rosés, which were successfully mass-marketed in the United States and Europe by Mateus and Lancers beginning in the 1960s. These wines accounted for 40 percent of Portugal's total table wine exports in the 1980s. Increasingly, Portuguese wines are winning international recognition, which has increased their popularity among wine lovers the world over.

    See also Agriculture.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Wine
4 Wine bibber

subs.

P. οἰνόφλυξ, ὁ or ἡ (Xen.), or use adj. P. φίλοινος (Plat.); see also Drunken.

Woodhouse English-Greek dictionary. A vocabulary of the Attic language > Wine bibber
5 Wine bibbing

subs.

P. οἰνοφλυγία, ἡ (Xen.); see also Drunkenness.

Woodhouse English-Greek dictionary. A vocabulary of the Attic language > Wine bibbing
6 body [also wine]

krop {fk} [også vin]

noun

English-Danish mini dictionary > body [also wine]
7 body [also wine]

тяло {м}

noun

English-Bulgarian small dictionary > body [also wine]
8 dry

1. adjective,
drier, driest

1) trocken; trocken, (very dry) herb [Wein]; ausgetrocknet [Fluss, Flussbett]

go dry — austrocknen

as dry as a bone — völlig trocken

dry shave/shampoo — Trockenrasur, die/-shampoo, das

2) (not rainy) trocken [Wetter, Klima]

3) (coll.): (thirsty) durstig

I'm a bit dry — ich habe eine trockene Kehle

4) ausgetrocknet, versiegt [Brunnen]

5) (fig.) trocken [Humor]; (impassive, cold) kühl [Art, Bemerkung usw.]

6) (dull) trocken [Stoff, Bericht, Vorlesung]
2. transitive verb
1) trocknen [Haare, Wäsche]; abtrocknen [Geschirr, Baby]

dry oneself — sich abtrocknen

dry one's eyes or tears/hands — sich (Dat.) die Tränen abwischen/die Hände abtrocknen

2) (preserve) trocknen [Kräuter, Holz, Blumen]; dörren [Obst, Fleisch]
3. intransitive verb
trocknen; trocken werden

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/86451/dry_out">dry out

- dry up

* * *
1. adjective
1) (having little, or no, moisture, sap, rain etc: The ground is very dry; The leaves are dry and withered; I need to find dry socks for the children.) trocken

2) (uninteresting and not lively: a very dry book.) trocken

3) ((of humour or manner) quiet, restrained: a dry wit.) trocken

4) ((of wine) not sweet.) trocken
2. verb
(to (cause to) become dry: I prefer drying dishes to washing them; The clothes dried quickly in the sun.) (ab)trocknen

- dried
- drier
- dryer
- drily
- dryly
- dryness
- dry-clean
- dry land
- dry off
- dry up
* * *

dry

[draɪ]

I. adj

<-ier, -iest>

1. (not wet) trocken

the kettle has boiled \dry das ganze Wasser im Kessel ist verdampft

to be [as] \dry as a bone, to be bone-\dry ( fam) knochentrocken [o staubtrocken] sein fam

\dry bread trockenes Brot

to go \dry austrocknen

2. hair, skin trocken

3. river, well, pond ausgetrocknet

to go [or run] \dry austrocknen

to run \dry source versiegen

4. METEO trocken; climate also niederschlagsfrei; soil also dürr

5. (lacking lubrication) trocken

\dry cough trockener Husten

\dry throat trockene Kehle

6. (without alcohol) alkoholfrei

\dry bar Bar f ohne Alkoholausschank

\dry party Fest nt ohne alkoholische Getränke

\dry state Staat m mit Alkoholverbot

7. (not sweet) drink trocken; wine also herb

8. ( pej: uninteresting) speech, writing trocken, nüchtern; (cold) kühl

as \dry as dust sterbenslangweilig, stinklangweilig fam

9. ( approv: understated) trocken

\dry [sense of] humour [or AM humor] /wit trockener Humor

10.

▶ to bleed sb \dry jdn ausnehmen

▶ to come up \dry AM erfolglos sein

▶ to run \dry unproduktiv werden

II. n

<pl dries or -s>

1. (inside)

▪ the \dry das Trockene

come into the \dry komm ins Trockene

2. (drought) Dürre f, SCHWEIZ a. Tröckne f

3. AM ( fam: prohibitionist) Prohibitionist(in) m(f), Alkoholgegner(in) m(f)

III. vt

<- ie->

▪ to \dry sth etw trocknen; fruit, meat etw dörren; (dry out) etw austrocknen; (dry up) etw abtrocknen

\dry your eyes! wisch dir die Tränen ab!; (stop crying) hör auf zu weinen!

to \dry the dishes [das Geschirr] abtrocknen

to \dry flowers Blumen trocknen

to \dry one's hands sich dat die Hände abtrocknen

to \dry the laundry die Wäsche trocknen

▪ to \dry oneself sich akk abtrocknen

IV. vi

<- ie->

1. (lose moisture) trocknen

to put sth out to \dry etw zum Trocknen raushängen

2. (dry up) abtrocknen

3. THEAT ( fam: forget one's lines) steckenbleiben

* * *
[draɪ]
1. vt pret, ptp dried
trocknen; fruit also dörren; skin abtrocknen
to dry oneself — sich abtrocknen

he dried his hands/feet — er trocknete sich (dat) die Hände/Füße ab, er trocknete seine Hände/Füße ab

to dry the dishes — das Geschirr abtrocknen

to dry one's eyes — sich (dat) die Tränen abwischen

2. vi

1) (= become dry) trocknen

the washing was hanging up to dry in the sun — die Wäsche trocknete in der Sonne

2) (= dry dishes) abtrocknen

3. adj

1) thing, weather, period, country trocken; soil, river, lake ausgetrocknet; well versiegt

to run dry (river) — austrocknen; (well) versiegen

dry period or spell — Trockenperiode f

the dry season — die Trockenzeit

to rub oneself dry — sich abrubbeln

to rub sth dry —

to wipe sth dry — etw abtrocknen or trocken wischen

as dry as a bone —

dry shampoo — Trockenshampoo nt

See:

→ high

2) mouth, throat, lips, eyes, cough trocken

there wasn't a dry eye in the house — es blieb kein Auge trocken

3) (COOK) ingredients trocken

dry mustard — Senfpulver nt

dry bread — trocken Brot

4) cow trockenstehend

her breasts are dry — sie hat keine Milch

5) (inf: anti-alcohol) state, country alkoholfrei

6) (= ironic, wry) humour, wit trocken

7) voice ausdruckslos; sound trocken

her voice was harsh and dry — ihre Stimme klang hart und trocken

8) (= uninspired, dull) book, speech, lecture trocken

as dry as dust — todlangweilig, knochentrocken (inf)

9) wine, sherry, cider trocken

4. n

in the dry — im Trockenen

come into the dry — komm ins Trockene

to give sth a dry — etw trocknen

* * *

dry [draı]

A adj komp drier, auch dryer, sup driest, auch dryest (adv → dryly, drily)

1. trocken:

(as) dry as a bone

a) völlig trocken,

b) auch (as) dry as dust pej knochen-, staub-, strohtrocken;

I’m (as) dry as dust umg meine Kehle ist vollkommen ausgedörrt ( → A 14);

feel dry Durst haben;

“keep dry” „vor Nässe schützen!“;

rub sth dry etwas trocken reiben;

not yet dry behind the ears umg noch nicht trocken hinter den Ohren;

a dry cough ein trockener Husten; → run C 30

2. Trocken…:

dry fruit Dörrobst n;

dry milk Trockenmilch f, Milchpulver n;

dry process TECH Trockenverfahren n

3. trocken, niederschlagsarm oder -frei (Gegend, Sommer etc):

dry season Trockenzeit f

4. dürr, ausgedörrt

5. ausgetrocknet, versiegt:

go dry austrocknen, versiegen;

a dry fountain pen ein leerer Füllhalter

6. trockenstehend (Kuh etc):

the cow is dry die Kuh steht trocken oder gibt keine Milch

7. tränenlos (Auge): at the end of the performance there wasn’t a dry eye in the house waren alle in Tränen aufgelöst;

with dry eyes fig trockenen Auges, ungerührt

8. durstig machend (Arbeit etc):

gardening is dry work Gartenarbeit macht durstig

9. trocken, ohne Aufstrich (Brot)

10. obs unblutig, ohne Blutvergießen (Krieg etc)

11. MAL etc streng, nüchtern

12. unproduktiv (Künstler etc)

13. nüchtern, nackt, ungeschminkt (Fakten etc)

14. trocken, langweilig:

(as) dry as dust umg stinklangweilig, furchtbar trocken ( → A 1)

15. trocken (Humor)

16. trocken, humorlos

17. kühl, gleichgültig, gelassen

18. trocken, herb (Wein etc)

19. umg

a) antialkoholisch:

dry law Prohibitionsgesetz n

b) trocken, mit Alkoholverbot (Land etc):

go dry ein Alkoholverbot einführen

c) trocken, ohne Alkohol (Party etc)

d) trocken, weg vom Alkohol

20. MIL US Übungs…, ohne scharfe Munition:

dry firing Ziel- und Anschlagübungen pl

B v/t

1. trocknen

2. (o.s. [off] sich, one’s hands sich die Hände) abtrocknen (on an dat):

dry one’s hair sich die Haare föhnen

3. oft dry up

a) das Geschirr abtrocknen,

b) auch dry out austrocknen

c) fig erschöpfen

4. Obst etc dörren

C v/i

1. auch dry out trocknen, trocken werden

2. verdorren

3. dry up

a) auch dry out ein-, aus-, vertrocknen

b) versiegen

c) keine Milch mehr geben (Kuh etc)

d) (das Geschirr) abtrocknen

e) umg versiegen, aufhören

f) umg den Mund halten:

dry up! halt die Klappe!

g) umg stecken bleiben (Schauspieler etc)

4. dry out umg trocken werden (keinen Alkohol mehr trinken)

D pl dries, drys [draız] s

1. POL Br umg kompromisslose(r) Konservative(r)

2. the dry Aus umg die Trockenzeit

3. US umg Prohibitionist(in)

* * *
1. adjective,
drier, driest

1) trocken; trocken, (very dry) herb [Wein]; ausgetrocknet [Fluss, Flussbett]

go dry — austrocknen

as dry as a bone — völlig trocken

dry shave/shampoo — Trockenrasur, die/-shampoo, das

2) (not rainy) trocken [Wetter, Klima]

3) (coll.): (thirsty) durstig

I'm a bit dry — ich habe eine trockene Kehle

4) ausgetrocknet, versiegt [Brunnen]

5) (fig.) trocken [Humor]; (impassive, cold) kühl [Art, Bemerkung usw.]

6) (dull) trocken [Stoff, Bericht, Vorlesung]
2. transitive verb
1) trocknen [Haare, Wäsche]; abtrocknen [Geschirr, Baby]

dry oneself — sich abtrocknen

dry one's eyes or tears/hands — sich (Dat.) die Tränen abwischen/die Hände abtrocknen

2) (preserve) trocknen [Kräuter, Holz, Blumen]; dörren [Obst, Fleisch]
3. intransitive verb
trocknen; trocken werden

Phrasal Verbs:

- dry out

- dry up

* * *

adj.

trocken adj. v.

abtrocknen v.

dörren v.

trocknen v.

English-german dictionary > dry
9 sediment

noun

1) (matter) Ablagerung, die; Ablagerungen Pl.

2) (lees) Bodensatz, der; (of wine also) Depot, das (fachspr.)

* * *
['sedimənt]
noun

(the material that settles at the bottom of a liquid: Her feet sank into the sediment on the river bed.) das Sediment

* * *

sedi·ment

[ˈsedɪmənt, AM also -ə-]

n

1. no pl (dregs at bottom) Sediment nt; (in river) Ablagerung f; (in wine) [Boden]satz m

2. (deposited substance) Sediment nt, Ablagerung f

* * *
['sedɪmənt]
n
(Boden)satz m; (in river) Ablagerung f; (in chemical solution) Niederschlag m, Sediment nt
* * *

sediment [ˈsedımənt] s Sediment n:

a) (Boden)Satz m, Niederschlag m

b) GEOL Schichtgestein n

* * *

noun

1) (matter) Ablagerung, die; Ablagerungen Pl.

2) (lees) Bodensatz, der; (of wine also) Depot, das (fachspr.)

* * *

n.

Ablagerung f.

Satz ¨-e m.

English-german dictionary > sediment
10 rack

I ræk noun
(a frame or shelf in or on which objects (eg letters, plates, luggage etc) are put until they are wanted or needed: Put these tools back in the rack; Put your bag in the luggage-rack.) estante

II ræk
- rack one's brains

III ræk
- go to rack and ruin

rack n soporte

En general es una estructura para guardar cosas. Hay racks de muchas clases y con traducciones variadas

luggage rack portaequipajes

clothes rack perchero

magazine rack revistero

wine rack botellero

plate rack escurreplatos

rack

tr[ræk]

noun

1 (destruction) ruina

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to go to rack and ruin venirse abajo

————————

rack

tr[ræk]

noun

1 estante nombre masculino

2 SMALLAUTOMOBILES/SMALL baca

3 (on train) rejilla

4 (for torture) potro

transitive verb

1 atormentar

■ I was racked by doubts me atormentaban las dudas

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to rack one's brains devanarse los sesos

rack ['ræk] vt

1) : atormentar

racked with pain: atormentado por el dolor

2)

to rack one's brains : devanarse los sesos

rack n

1) shelf, stand: estante m

a luggage rack: un portaequipajes

a coatrack: un perchero, una percha

2) : potro m (instrumento de la tortura)

rack (Car)

n.

• baca (Automóvil) s.f.

n.

• armazón s.m.

• bastidor (Electrónica) s.m.

• cremallera s.f.

• estante s.m.

• estante metálico s.m.

• percha s.f.

• perchero s.m.

• rueda s.f.

• ruina s.f.

I ræk
noun

1)

a) ( shelf) estante m; ( for documents) organizador m; ( for baggage) rejilla f, portaequipajes m; ( bottle rack) botellero m; ( clothes rack) perchero m; ( drying rack) tendedero m; see also magazine 1) a)

b)

off the rack — (AmE) de confección

2) ( for torture) potro m (de tortura)

to go to rack and ruin — venirse* abajo

II

transitive verb

a) ( shake) (often pass) sacudir

to be racked WITH something: to be racked with pain sufrir dolores atroces; to be racked with doubt/guilt — estar* atormentado por la duda/el remordimiento

b) racking pres p < cough> convulsivo; < sobs> incontrolable

Phrasal Verbs:

- rack up

I [ræk]
1. N

1) (=dish rack) escurridor m, escurreplatos m inv ; (=clothes rack) perchero m, percha f ; (=luggage rack) (Rail) portaequipajes m inv, rejilla f ; (=roof rack) baca f, portaequipajes m inv, parrilla f (And); (=mechanical rack) cremallera f

to buy clothes off the rack — (US) comprar ropa de percha

2) (for torture) potro m

to be on the rack — (fig) estar en ascuas

3) (Snooker, Pool) triángulo m

2. VT

1) [pain] atormentar; [cough] sacudir

to be racked by remorse — estar atormentado por el remordimiento

to be racked by pains — estar atormentado por el dolor

- rack one's brains

2) [+ wine] (also: rack off) trasegar

3.

CPD

rack railway N — ferrocarril m de cremallera

rack rent N — alquiler m exorbitante

- rack up

II

[ræk]
N
to go to rack and ruin — [building] echarse a perder, venirse abajo; [business] arruinarse, tronar (LAm); [country] arruinarse; [person] dejarse ir

* * *

I [ræk]
noun

1)

a) ( shelf) estante m; ( for documents) organizador m; ( for baggage) rejilla f, portaequipajes m; ( bottle rack) botellero m; ( clothes rack) perchero m; ( drying rack) tendedero m; see also magazine 1) a)

b)

off the rack — (AmE) de confección

2) ( for torture) potro m (de tortura)

to go to rack and ruin — venirse* abajo

II

transitive verb

a) ( shake) (often pass) sacudir

to be racked WITH something: to be racked with pain sufrir dolores atroces; to be racked with doubt/guilt — estar* atormentado por la duda/el remordimiento

b) racking pres p < cough> convulsivo; < sobs> incontrolable

Phrasal Verbs:

- rack up

English-spanish dictionary > rack
11 dry

[draɪ] adj <-ier, -iest or -er, -est>

1)

( not wet) trocken;

the kettle has boiled \dry das ganze Wasser im Kessel ist verdampft;

to be [as] \dry as a bone, to be bone-\dry ( fam) knochentrocken [o staubtrocken] sein ( fam)

\dry bread trockenes Brot;

to go \dry austrocknen

2) hair, skin trocken

3) river, well, pond ausgetrocknet;

to go [or run] \dry austrocknen;

to run \dry source versiegen

4) meteo trocken; climate also niederschlagsfrei; soil also dürr

5) ( lacking lubrication) trocken;

\dry cough trockener Husten;

\dry throat trockene Kehle

6) ( without alcohol) alkoholfrei;

\dry bar Bar f ohne Alkoholausschank;

\dry party Fest nt ohne alkoholische Getränke;

\dry state Staat m mit Alkoholverbot

7) ( not sweet) drink trocken; wine also herb;

8) (pej: uninteresting) speech, writing trocken, nüchtern;

( cold) kühl;

as \dry as dust sterbenslangweilig, stinklangweilig ( fam)

9) (approv: understated) trocken;

\dry [sense of] humour [or (Am) humor] / wit trockener Humor

PHRASES:

to bleed sb \dry jdn ausnehmen;

to come up \dry (Am) erfolglos sein;

to run \dry unproduktiv werden n <pl dries or -s>

1) ( inside)

the \dry das Trockene;

come into the \dry komm ins Trockene

2) ( drought) Dürre f

3) (Am) (fam: prohibitionist) Prohibitionist(in) m(f), Alkoholgegner(in) m(f) vt <- ie->

to \dry sth etw trocknen; fruit, meat etw dörren;

( dry out) etw austrocknen;

( dry up) etw abtrocknen;

\dry your eyes! wisch dir die Tränen ab!;

( stop crying) hör auf zu weinen!;

to \dry the dishes [das Geschirr] abtrocknen;

to \dry flowers Blumen trocknen;

to \dry one's hands sich dat die Hände abtrocknen;

to \dry the laundry die Wäsche trocknen;

to \dry oneself sich akk abtrocknen vi <- ie->

1) ( lose moisture) trocknen;

to put sth out to \dry etw zum Trocknen raushängen

2) ( dry up) abtrocknen

3) theat (fam: forget one's lines) stecken bleiben

English-German students dictionary > dry
12 relish

1. noun
1) (liking) Vorliebe, die

do something with [great] relish — etwas mit [großem] Genuss tun

he takes [great] relish in doing something — es bereitet ihm [große] Freude, etwas zu tun

2) (condiment) Relish, das (Kochk.)
2. transitive verb
genießen; reizvoll finden [Gedanke, Vorstellung]

* * *
['reliʃ] 1. verb
(to enjoy greatly: He relishes his food; I relished the thought of telling my husband about my promotion.) Geschmack finden an
2. noun
1) (pleasure; enjoyment: He ate the food with great relish; I have no relish for such a boring task.) das Behagen

2) (a strong flavour, or a sauce etc for adding flavour.) die Würze

* * *

rel·ish

[ˈrelɪʃ]

I. n

1. no pl (enjoyment) Genuss m

▪ with \relish genüsslich

▪ to have no \relish for doing sth kein Vergnügen dabei empfinden, etw zu tun

I have no \relish for hunting and killing animals es macht mir keinen Spaß, zu jagen und Tiere zu töten

2. (chunky sauce) Relish nt

tomato and onion \relish Tomaten-Zwiebel-Relish nt

II. vt

▪ to \relish sth etw genießen

▪ to \relish doing sth etw sehr gern tun

I don't \relish telling her [that]... es ist mir nicht gerade eine große Freude, ihr sagen zu müssen, dass...

to \relish the thought that... sich akk darauf freuen, dass...

to \relish the prospect of doing sth sich akk darauf freuen, etw zu tun

* * *
['relɪʃ]
1. n

1) (= enjoyment) Geschmack m, Gefallen m (for an +dat)

to do sth with ( great) relish — etw mit (großem) Genuss tun

he rubbed his hands with relish at the prospect — er rieb sich (dat) beim Gedanken daran genüsslich die Hände

he ate with (great) relish —

he had no relish for such activities — er fand an solchen Dingen keinen Geschmack or Gefallen

2) (COOK) Soße f; (= spiciness) Würze f; (fig = charm) Reiz m

tomato/fruit relish — Tomaten-/Obstchutney

hunger is the best relish (prov) — Hunger ist der beste Koch (prov)

it had lost all relish (for me) (fig) — das hatte für mich jeglichen Reiz verloren

2. vt
genießen; food, wine also sich (dat) schmecken lassen; idea, role, task großen Gefallen finden an (+dat)
I don't relish the thought of getting up at 5 a.m — der Gedanke, um 5 Uhr aufzustehen, behagt or schmeckt (inf) mir gar nicht

* * *

relish [ˈrelıʃ]

A v/t

1. gern essen, sich etwas schmecken lassen, (mit Appetit) genießen:

I did not relish the coffee der Kaffee war nicht nach meinem Geschmack

2. fig Geschmack oder Gefallen finden an (dat), (mit Behagen) genießen:

I do not much relish the idea ich bin nicht gerade begeistert von der Aussicht ( of doing zu tun);

I did not relish it es sagte mir nicht zu;

not relish having to do sth nicht davon begeistert sein, etwas tun zu müssen

3. fig würzen, schmackhaft machen ( beide:

with mit)

B v/i

1. (of)

a) schmecken (nach)

b) fig einen Beigeschmack haben (von)

2. schmecken, munden

C s

1. (Wohl-)Geschmack m

2. fig Reiz m:

it has lost its relish

3. (for) Sinn m (für), Geschmack m, Gefallen n (an dat):

with (great) relish

a) mit (großem) Appetit essen,

b) mit (großem) Behagen oder Vergnügen, bes iron mit Wonne tun;

have no relish for sich nichts machen aus einer Sache

4. auch fig

a) Kostprobe f

b) Beigeschmack m, Anflug m, Hauch m ( alle:

of von)

5. a) Gewürz n, Würze f (auch fig)

b) Horsd’œuvre n, Appetithappen m

* * *
1. noun
1) (liking) Vorliebe, die

do something with [great] relish — etwas mit [großem] Genuss tun

he takes [great] relish in doing something — es bereitet ihm [große] Freude, etwas zu tun

2) (condiment) Relish, das (Kochk.)
2. transitive verb
genießen; reizvoll finden [Gedanke, Vorstellung]

* * *

v.

genießen v.

(§ p.,pp.: gnoß, genossen)

English-german dictionary > relish
13 red

red
noun, adjective

1) ((of) the colour of blood: a red car/dress / cheeks; Her eyes were red with crying.) rojo

2) ((of hair or fur) (of) a colour which varies between a golden brown and a deep reddish-brown.) rojo; pelirrojo

3) ((a) communist: Red China; A lot of his university friends are Reds.) rojo, comunista

•

- the Red Army
- redden
- reddish
- redness
- redcurrant
- redhead
- red herring
- red-hot
- Red Indian
- red-letter day
- red tape
- be in the red
- catch red-handed
- see red

red adj-n rojo

a red shirt una camisa roja

he's got red hair es pelirrojo

El comparativo de red se escribe redder; el superlativo se escribe reddest

red sustantivo femenino 1
a) ( para pescar) net

b) (Dep) net

c) ( para pelo) hairnet

d) ( en tren) (luggage) rack
2 (de comunicaciones, emisoras, transportes) network; (de comercios, empresas) chain, network; (de espionaje, contrabando) ring 3 ( de electricidad) power supply, mains; ( de gas) mains 4
◊ la Red (Inf) the Net

red sustantivo femenino
1 (de pesca, etc) net (del pelo) hairnet (malla) mesh
2 (de comunicaciones, transporte, distribución, etc) network
red de espionaje, spy ring
red de seguridad, safety net (eléctrica) mains pl
3 (comercio, empresa) chain
red hotelera, hotel chain
4 fig (trampa) trap Locuciones: (ser engañado) caer en la red, to fall into the trap (ser embaucado) caer en las redes de alguien, to fall into sb's clutches ' red' also found in these entries: Spanish: amargada - amargado - barrio - bofetada - brasa - cadena - candente - Caperucita Roja - capricho - cartulina - casa - colorada - colorado - conectar - cruz - cuestación - dedo - dentro - desarticular - dos - encenderse - enchufar - enrojecer - ser - escollo - espionaje - estancarse - expeler - flagrante - fogón - fondo - formulismo - ir - glóbulo - hematíe - in fraganti - infrarroja - infrarrojo - lombarda - mancha - mano - minio - morrón - ninguna - ninguno - número - obnubilarse - pelirroja - pelirrojo - pimentón English: balding - blood - blusher - cast - convertible - crash - fishing net - grid - hereditary - highlight - in - infrared - infrastructure - main - net - network - nickname - ours - paint - pepper - poppy - probably - push - radio network - rag - read - readily - readiness - ready - ready-cooked - ready-made - red - red light - red light district - Red Riding Hood - Red Sea - red tape - red-haired - red-handed - red-hot - redden - reddish - regiment - register - registered - registrar - registration - registry - ring - safety net

red

tr[red]

noun

1 (colour) rojo

2 (left winger) rojo,-a

adjective

1 rojo,-a

■ she was dressed all in red iba vestida toda de rojo

2 (hair) pelirrojo,-a

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to be in the red estar en descubierto

to turn red ponerse colorado,-a, sonrojarse

red admiral vanesa roja

red alert alerta roja

Red Army Ejército Rojo

red blood cell glóbulo rojo

red cabbage col nombre femenino lombarda

red card tarjeta roja

red carpet alfombra roja

■ they rolled out the red carpet for him lo recibieron con todos los honores

red corpuscle glóbulo rojo

Red Crescent Media Luna Roja

Red Cross Cruz nombre femenino Roja

red deer ciervo común

red giant gigante nombre femenino roja

red herring pista falsa

Red Indian piel roja nombre masulino o femenino

red light semáforo en rojo

red meat carne nombre femenino roja

red pepper pimiento rojo

Red Riding Hood Caperucita Roja

red route calle donde el estacionamiento está terminantemente prohibido

Red Sea Mar nombre masculino Rojo

red tape papeleo burocrático

red wine vino tinto

red ['rɛd] adj

1) : rojo, colorado

to be red in the face: ponerse colorado

to have red hair: ser pelirrojo

2) communist: rojo, comunista

red n

1) : rojo m, colorado m

2)

Red communist: comunista mf

red

adj.

• bermejo, -a adj.

• colorado, -a adj.

• comunista adj.

• encarnado, -a adj.

• encendido, -a adj.

• rojo (Color) adj.

• ruboroso, -a adj.

• tinto, -a adj.

n.

• comunista s.m.,f.

• rojo s.m.

I red
adjective redder, reddest

1)

a) <rose/dress> rojo, colorado; <flag/signal> rojo

her eyes were red — tenía los ojos enrojecidos or rojos

to go red in the face — (with anger, heat) ponerse* colorado or rojo; ( with embarrassment) sonrojarse, ruborizarse*, ponerse* colorado

there'll be a few red faces — a unos cuantos se les va a caer la cara de vergüenza

he has red hair — es pelirrojo

the (traffic) lights were red — el semáforo estaba (en) rojo

b) < meat> rojo; < wine> tinto

2) also Red ( Pol) rojo

II

noun

1) u ( color) rojo m, colorado m

to see red — ponerse* hecho una furia or un basilisco

that sort of remark makes me see red — ese tipo de comentario me saca de quicio or de las casillas

2) c also Red ( Pol) (colloq & pej) rojo, -ja m,f (fam)

3)

the red — ( debt) (no pl)

to be in/out of the red — estar*/no estar* en números rojos

[red]
1. ADJ
(compar redder) (superl reddest)
1) (gen) [apple, sweater, lips, pen] rojo, colorado; [flower, sky] rojo; [wine] tinto

the traffic lights are red — el semáforo está en rojo

his eyes were red — (from crying) tenía los ojos rojos

the red evening sun — el sol rojizo del atardecer

bright red — rojo fuerte or chillón

dark red — rojo oscuro

deep red — rojo intenso

to have red hair — ser pelirrojo

- it's like a red rag to a bull

- roll out the red carpet for sb

to give sb the red carpet treatment — tratar a algn a cuerpo de rey

- not a red cent

- red sky at night, shepherd's delight, red sky in the morning, shepherd's warning
paint 2., 2)
2) (=flushed) [face, cheeks] (with shame) sonrojado; (with anger) rojo; (with embarrassment) rojo, colorado

to be red in the face — (from anger, exertion, heat) estar rojo, tener la cara encendida liter; (from embarrassment) estar rojo or colorado, tener la cara encendida liter

to go red in the face — (from anger, exertion, heat) ponerse rojo or colorado; (with embarrassment) ponerse colorado; (with shame) sonrojarse

- go or turn as red as a beetroot

3) (Pol) * pej rojo

- better red than dead

2. N

1) (=colour) (color m) rojo m

to be dressed in red — ir vestido de rojo

it was underlined in red — estaba subrayado en rojo

- be in the red

I'm £100 in the red — tengo un descubierto de 100 libras en el banco

to go into or get into the red — contraer deudas

to get out of the red — liquidar las deudas

- see red

this makes me see red — esto me saca de quicio

2) (Pol) * pej (=person) rojo(-a) m / f

- reds under the bed

3) (=red wine) tinto m

3.

CPD

red admiral N — vanesa f roja

red alert N — alerta f roja

to be on red alert — estar en alerta roja

the Red Army N — el Ejército Rojo

red blood cell N — glóbulo m rojo

red cabbage N — col f lombarda, lombarda f

red card N — (Ftbl) tarjeta f roja

to show sb the red card — sacar a algn la tarjeta roja; (fig) (=reprimand) llamar al orden a algn, amonestar a algn; (=force to resign) destituir a algn

red cedar N — cedro m rojo

red cell N — glóbulo m rojo

red channel N — (at customs) canal m rojo (en aduana)

Red China N — China f comunista

red corpuscle N — corpúsculo m rojo

Red Crescent N — Media Luna f Roja

Red Cross N — Cruz f Roja

red deer N — ciervo m común

red ensign N — (Naut) enseña f roja

red eye N — (Phot) ojo m rojo
redeye
red flag N — (on beach etc) bandera f roja

red giant N — (Astron) gigante m rojo

red heat N — calor m rojo

red herring N — (fig) pista f falsa, despiste m

Red Indian N — piel roja mf

red lead N — minio m

red light N — (Aut) luz f roja

to go through a red light — saltarse un semáforo en rojo
red-light district
red meat N — carne f roja

red mullet N — salmonete m

red pepper N — (=capsicum) pimiento m rojo, pimiento m morrón, pimentón m rojo (LAm); (=powder) pimienta f de cayena

Red Riding Hood N — (also: Little Red Riding Hood) Caperucita f Roja

red salmon N — salmón m rojo

Red Sea N — mar m Rojo

red sea bream N — besugo m (rojo)

red setter N — setter m irlandés

red snapper N — pargo m

red spider mite N — arador m or ácaro m de la sarna

Red Square N — (in Moscow) plaza f Roja

red squirrel N — ardilla f roja

red tape N — trámites mpl, papeleo m

red wine N — vino m tinto, tinto m

* * *

I [red]
adjective redder, reddest

1)

a) <rose/dress> rojo, colorado; <flag/signal> rojo

her eyes were red — tenía los ojos enrojecidos or rojos

to go red in the face — (with anger, heat) ponerse* colorado or rojo; ( with embarrassment) sonrojarse, ruborizarse*, ponerse* colorado

there'll be a few red faces — a unos cuantos se les va a caer la cara de vergüenza

he has red hair — es pelirrojo

the (traffic) lights were red — el semáforo estaba (en) rojo

b) < meat> rojo; < wine> tinto

2) also Red ( Pol) rojo

II

noun

1) u ( color) rojo m, colorado m

to see red — ponerse* hecho una furia or un basilisco

that sort of remark makes me see red — ese tipo de comentario me saca de quicio or de las casillas

2) c also Red ( Pol) (colloq & pej) rojo, -ja m,f (fam)

3)

the red — ( debt) (no pl)

to be in/out of the red — estar*/no estar* en números rojos

English-spanish dictionary > red
14 white

1. adjective
1) (of the colour of the paper on which these words are printed: The bride wore a white dress.) blanco

2) (having light-coloured skin, through being of European etc descent: the first white man to explore Africa.) blanco

3) (abnormally pale, because of fear, illness etc: He went white with shock.) blanco

4) (with milk in it: A white coffee, please.) con leche

2. noun
1) (the colour of the paper on which these words are printed: White and black are opposites.) blanco

2) (a white-skinned person: racial trouble between blacks and whites.) blanco

3) ((also egg-white) the clear fluid in an egg, surrounding the yolk: This recipe tells you to separate the yolks from the whites.) clara (de huevo)

4) ((of an eye) the white part surrounding the pupil and iris: The whites of her eyes are bloodshot.) blanco de los ojos

•

- whiten
- whiteness
- whitening
- whitish
- white-collar
- white elephant
- white horse
- white-hot
- white lie
- whitewash
3. verb
(to cover with whitewash.) encalar

- whitewashed
- white wine

white¹ adj blanco

in my town, taxis are white en mi ciudad, los taxis son blancos

a white person una persona de raza blanca

white² n

1. blanco

if you mix white and black, you get grey si mezclas el blanco y el negro, te sale gris

2. clara

the white of an egg la clara de un huevo

white

tr[waɪt]

adjective

1 blanco,-a

■ a white person una persona de raza blanca

■ white coffee café con leche

■ white hair pelo blanco, pelo cano

■ white grapes uvas verdes

2 (pale) pálido,-a

noun

1 blanco, color nombre masculino blanco

2 (person) blanco,-a

3 (of egg) clara

4 (of eye) blanco

plural noun whites

1 (linen) ropa f sing blanca; (for tennis) ropa f sing de jugar al tenis

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

as white as a sheet blanco,-a como el papel

as white as snow más blanco,-a que la nieve

to go/turn white (person's face) palidecer, ponerse pálido,-a 2 (hair) ponerse cano, encanecer 3 (person) quedarse canoso,-a

■ she went white overnight se quedó canosa de la noche a la mañana

to have a white wedding casarse de blanco

white (blood) cell glóbulo blanco

white Christmas Navidades nombre femenino plural blancas

white corpuscle glóbulo blanco

white elephant elefante nombre masculino blanco

white flag bandera blanca

white heat incandescencia

white hope gran esperanza, gran promesa

white horses palomas nombre femenino plural

White House Casa Blanca

white lead albayalde nombre masculino, plomo blanco

white lie mentira piadosa

white meat carne nombre femenino blanca

white noise ruido blanco

White Pages páginas nombre femenino plural blancas

White Paper libro blanco

white pepper pimienta blanca

white sauce (salsa) bechamel nombre femenino

white spirit aguarrás nombre masculino

white stick bastón nombre masculino blanco de los ciegos

white sugar azúcar nombre femenino blanquilla

white tie (bow tie) pajarita blanca

white trash basura blanca, gentuza blanca

white water aguas nombre femenino plural bravas

white whale beluga

white wine vino blanco

white ['hwaɪt] adj, whiter ; - est : blanco

white n

1) : blanco m (color)

2) : clara f (de huevos)

3) or white person : blanco m, -ca f

white

adj.

• albar adj.

• albillo, -a adj.

• blanco, -a adj.

• clara del huevo adj.

• pálido, -a adj.

n.

• blanco s.m.

I hwaɪt, waɪt
adjective -er, -est

a) <paint/cat/bread/wine/chocolate> blanco; < grapes> blanco; <coffee/tea> con leche

she had a white wedding — se casó de blanco

he went white (with fear/anger) — se puso blanco or pálido (de miedo/rabia)

b) ( Caucasian) blanco

II

noun

1) u ( color) blanco m

dressed in white — vestido de blanco

2) c also White ( person) blanco, -ca m,f

3) c

a) ( of egg) clara f

b) ( of eye) blanco m

4) whites pl

a) ( laundry) ropa f blanca

b) (esp BrE Sport)

he was in tennis/cricket whites — llevaba el equipo blanco de tenis/cricket

••
Cultural note:

Whitehall

Una calle del centro de Londres donde están situadas una gran parte de las oficinas del gobierno. Los periodistas utilizan a menudo el término para referirse al gobierno y la administración

[waɪt]
1. ADJ
(compar whiter) (superl whitest)
1) (gen) blanco; [wine, grape, chocolate] blanco; [coffee] (=milky) con leche; (=with dash of milk) cortado

to go or turn white — (in face) ponerse blanco or pálido, palidecer

- whiter than white

"Bleacho" washes whiter than white — "Bleacho" deja la colada blanca como la nieve

he went white at the age of 30 — el pelo se le puso blanco a los 30 años, encaneció a los 30 años

she was white with rage — estaba pálida de la rabia

- show the white feather

- be as white as a sheet or ghost
bleed 2., 3)
2) (racially) [person] blanco; [area] de raza blanca; [vote] de los blancos

2. N

1) (=colour) blanco m

his face was a deathly white — su rostro estaba blanco or pálido como la muerte

the sheets were a dazzling white — las sábanas eran de un blanco deslumbrante

to be dressed in white — ir vestido de blanco
black 1., 1)
2) (=white person) blanco(-a) m / f

3) (also: white wine) blanco m

a glass of white — un blanco

4) [of egg] clara f

5) [of eye] blanco m

6) whites
(Sport)
cricket/tennis whites — equipo m blanco de cricket/tennis

3.

CPD

white blood cell N — glóbulo m blanco

white bread N — pan m blanco

white chocolate N — chocolate m blanco

white Christmas N — Navidades fpl blancas or con nieve

white coffee N — (milky) café m con leche; (with dash of milk) café m cortado

white dwarf N — (Astron) enana f blanca

white elephant N — (fig) elefante m blanco

white elephant stall — tenderete donde se venden cachivaches

white ensign N — (Brit) enseña f blanca

white flag N — (Mil) bandera f blanca

white fox N — = arctic fox

white gold N — oro m blanco

white goods NPL — electrodomésticos mpl

white grape N — uva f blanca

white heat N — (Phys) calor m blanco

white hope N —

the great white hope — la gran esperanza dorada

white horses NPL — (on waves) cabrillas fpl

the White House N — (in US) la Casa Blanca

white knight N — (Econ) caballero m blanco

white lead N — (Chem) albayalde m

white lie N — mentira f piadosa

to tell a white lie — decir una mentira piadosa

white light N — (Phys) luz f blanca

white line N — (on road) línea f blanca

white list N — (=list of "safe" websites, email addresses) lista f blanca; (Brit) (=list of "safe" countries) lista f blanca, lista f de países seguros

white magic N — magia f blanca

white meat N — (Culin) carne f blanca

white meter N —

• white meter heating — calefacción f por acumulador

White Nile N — = Nile

white noise N — (Acoustics) ruido m blanco or uniforme

white owl N — búho m blanco

White Pages NPL — (US) (Telec) Páginas fpl Blancas

White Paper N — (Brit, Australia, Canada) (Parl) libro m blanco

white pepper N — pimienta f blanca

White Russia N — (Hist) la Rusia Blanca

White Russian N — (Hist) ruso(-a) m / f blanco(-a)

white sale N — (Comm) rebajas fpl de ropa blanca

white sapphire N — zafiro m blanco

white sauce N — salsa f bechamel, besamel f

the White Sea N — el mar Blanco

white shark N — tiburón m blanco

white slave trade N — trata f de blancas

white spirit N — (Brit) trementina f

white tie N — (=tie) pajarita f blanca; (=outfit) traje m de etiqueta con pajarita blanca
white-tie
white trash *** N — (US) pej término ofensivo contra la clase blanca pobre estadounidense

white water N — aguas fpl rápidas

white water rafting — piragüismo m en aguas rápidas, rafting m

white wedding N —

to have a white wedding — casarse de blanco (y por la iglesia)

white whale N — ballena f blanca

white wine N — vino m blanco

white wood N — madera f blanca
supremacist
* * *

I [hwaɪt, waɪt]
adjective -er, -est

a) <paint/cat/bread/wine/chocolate> blanco; < grapes> blanco; <coffee/tea> con leche

she had a white wedding — se casó de blanco

he went white (with fear/anger) — se puso blanco or pálido (de miedo/rabia)

b) ( Caucasian) blanco

II

noun

1) u ( color) blanco m

dressed in white — vestido de blanco

2) c also White ( person) blanco, -ca m,f

3) c

a) ( of egg) clara f

b) ( of eye) blanco m

4) whites pl

a) ( laundry) ropa f blanca

b) (esp BrE Sport)

he was in tennis/cricket whites — llevaba el equipo blanco de tenis/cricket

••
Cultural note:

Whitehall

Una calle del centro de Londres donde están situadas una gran parte de las oficinas del gobierno. Los periodistas utilizan a menudo el término para referirse al gobierno y la administración

English-spanish dictionary > white
15 table

'teibl
noun

1) (a piece of furniture consisting of a flat, horizontal surface on legs used eg to put food on at meals, or for some games: Put all the plates on the table.) mesa

2) (a statement of facts or figures arranged in columns etc: The results of the experiments can be seen in table 5.) tabla, cuadro

3) (the people sitting at a table: The whole table heard what he said.) mesa

•

- tablecloth
- table linen
- tablespoon
- tablespoonful
- table tennis
- lay/set the table

table n

1. mesa

a table for two una mesa para dos personas

2. tabla

a table of irregular verbs una tabla de verbos irregulares

to clear the table quitar la mesa

to lay the table / set the table poner la mesa

table

tr['teɪbəl]

noun

1 (gen) mesa

2 (chart) tabla, cuadro

3 SMALLSPORT/SMALL clasificación nombre femenino

transitive verb

1 SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL (motion, report, etc) presentar

plural noun tables

1 tablas nombre femenino plural, tablas nombre femenino plural de multiplicar

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

at table en la mesa

to be on the table (issue) estar sobre el tapete

to clear the table quitar la mesa

to drink somebody under the table poder beber más que alguien

to lay the table poner la mesa

to set the table poner la mesa

to turn the tables on somebody volver las tornas a alguien

under the table bajo mano

table d'hôte menu menú nombre masculino del día, menú nombre masculino

table lamp lámpara de mesa

table manners modales nombre masculino plural en la mesa

table mat salvamanteles m inv

table of contents índice nombre masculino de materias

table tennis tenis nombre masculino de mesa, ping-pong nombre masculino

table wine vino de mesa

table ['teɪbəl] n

1) : mesa f

a table for two: una mesa para dos

2) list: tabla f

multiplication table: tabla de multiplicar

3)

table of contents : índice m de materias

table

n.

• cuadro s.m.

• elenco s.m.

• entablamiento s.m.

• mesa s.f.

• meseta s.f.

• tabla s.f.

• tablero s.m.

v.

• catalogar v.

• dar carpetazo a v.

• disponer en una tabla v.

• poner sobre la mesa v.

I 'teɪbəl
noun

1) ( piece of furniture) mesa f

dinner's on the table! — la cena está servida!

don't do that at the table — no hagas eso en la mesa

come and sit at o (BrE also) on our table — siéntate con nosotros

to lay o set the table — poner* la mesa

to clear the table — levantar or (Esp) quitar la mesa

the negotiating table — la mesa de negociaciones

on the table: to put something on the table ( present something for discussion) (esp BrE) poner* algo sobre el tapete; ( postpone discussion on something) (AmE) posponer* or (esp AmL) postergar* algo; to do something under the table hacer* algo bajo cuerda or mano; to drink somebody under the table: she can drink me under the table me da cien mil vueltas bebiendo; to turn the tables: the tables are turned se ha vuelto or (CS) se dio vuelta la tortilla (fam), se han cambiado las tornas; to turn the tables on one's adversaries volverles* las tornas a sus (or mis etc) adversarios; (before n) <knife, lamp, wine> de mesa; table football (BrE) futbolín m, taca-taca m (Chi), metegol m (Arg), futbolito m (Ur); table linen mantelería f, ropa f de mesa (Esp); table mat (mantelito m) individual m; table manners — modales mpl en la mesa

2)

a) ( list) tabla f

multiplication o (used by children) times tables — tablas de multiplicar

the four-times table — la tabla del cuatro

b) ( league table) (BrE) liga f, clasificación f

II

transitive verb

a) ( postpone) (AmE) \<\<debate/bill\>\> posponer*, postergar* (esp AmL)

b) ( submit) (BrE) \<\<proposal/motion\>\> presentar

['teɪbl]
1. N

1) (=piece of furniture) mesa f

I'd like a table for two, please — (quiero) una mesa para dos, por favor

kitchen table — mesa f de cocina

• they were at table when we arrived frm — estaban sentados a la mesa cuando llegamos

don't read at the table — no leas en la mesa

you will join us at our table, won't you? — se sentará (a la mesa) con nosotros ¿verdad?

• to clear the table — quitar or recoger or levantar la mesa

• to lay the table — poner la mesa

• why isn't dinner on the table? — ¿por qué no está servida la cena?

• to set the table — poner la mesa

• to sit down to table — sentarse a la mesa

under the table —

I'll be under the table if I have any more wine — si bebo más vino me voy a caer redondo or no voy a tenerme en pie

he was accepting money under the table * — aceptaba dinero bajo cuerda or bajo mano

- get one's feet under the table

- turn the tables

- turn the tables on sb
card I, 1., 1), drink 2., high 4., wait
2) (=people at table) mesa f

3) frm (=food) mesa f

to keep a good table — tener buena mesa

4) (for discussion) mesa f de negociaciones

• he managed to get all the parties around the table — consiguió que todos los interesados se sentaran a la mesa de negociaciones

• to put sth on the table — (Brit) poner algo sobre el tapete

there are two proposals on the table — hay dos propuestas sobre el tapete

they're willing to put 12 million dollars on the table to get this company — están dispuestos a pagar 12 millones de dólares para conseguir esta empresa

• round table — mesa f redonda

5) (=chart) tabla f, cuadro m

a table of the top 12 best and worst performers — una tabla or un cuadro de los 12 mejores y los 12 peores

table of contents — índice m de materias
periodic
6) (Math) (also: multiplication table) tabla f de multiplicar

the eleven-times table — la tabla (de multiplicar) del once

7) (Sport) (also: league table) liga f, clasificación f

8) (Geog) (also: water table) capa f freática; (also: tableland) meseta f, altiplano m (LAm)

2. VT

1) (Brit) frm (=propose) [+ motion, amendment] presentar

2) (US) (=postpone) aplazar, posponer

3.

CPD

table dancing N — striptease m en pasarela or en barra

table football N — futbolín m

table lamp N — lámpara f de mesa

table leg N — pata f de mesa

table linen N — mantelería f

table manners NPL — comportamiento msing en la mesa, modales mpl en la mesa

Table Mountain N — Montaña f de la Tabla

table napkin N — servilleta f

table runner N — tapete m

table salt N — sal f de mesa

table saw N — sierra f circular

table setting N — cubierto m, servicio m

table talk N — sobremesa f, conversación f de sobremesa

table tennis N — ping-pong m, pimpón m, tenis m de mesa

table wine N — vino m de mesa

* * *

I ['teɪbəl]
noun

1) ( piece of furniture) mesa f

dinner's on the table! — la cena está servida!

don't do that at the table — no hagas eso en la mesa

come and sit at o (BrE also) on our table — siéntate con nosotros

to lay o set the table — poner* la mesa

to clear the table — levantar or (Esp) quitar la mesa

the negotiating table — la mesa de negociaciones

on the table: to put something on the table ( present something for discussion) (esp BrE) poner* algo sobre el tapete; ( postpone discussion on something) (AmE) posponer* or (esp AmL) postergar* algo; to do something under the table hacer* algo bajo cuerda or mano; to drink somebody under the table: she can drink me under the table me da cien mil vueltas bebiendo; to turn the tables: the tables are turned se ha vuelto or (CS) se dio vuelta la tortilla (fam), se han cambiado las tornas; to turn the tables on one's adversaries volverles* las tornas a sus (or mis etc) adversarios; (before n) <knife, lamp, wine> de mesa; table football (BrE) futbolín m, taca-taca m (Chi), metegol m (Arg), futbolito m (Ur); table linen mantelería f, ropa f de mesa (Esp); table mat (mantelito m) individual m; table manners — modales mpl en la mesa

2)

a) ( list) tabla f

multiplication o (used by children) times tables — tablas de multiplicar

the four-times table — la tabla del cuatro

b) ( league table) (BrE) liga f, clasificación f

II

transitive verb

a) ( postpone) (AmE) \<\<debate/bill\>\> posponer*, postergar* (esp AmL)

b) ( submit) (BrE) \<\<proposal/motion\>\> presentar

English-spanish dictionary > table
16 body

noun

1) (of person) Körper, der; Leib, der (geh.); (of animal) Körper, der

enough to keep body and soul together — genug, um am Leben zu bleiben

2) (corpse) Leiche, die; Leichnam, der (geh.)

over my dead body! — nur über meine Leiche

3) (coll.): (person) Mensch, der; (woman also) Person, die

4) (group of persons) Gruppe, die; (having a particular function) Organ, das

government body — staatliche Einrichtung

5) (mass)

a huge body of water — große Wassermassen

6) (main portion) Hauptteil, der

7) (Motor Veh.) Karosserie, die; (Railw.) Aufbau, der

8) (collection) Sammlung, die

a body of knowledge — ein Wissensschatz

a body of facts — Tatsachenmaterial, das

9) (of wine) Körper, der

* * *
['bodi] 1. plural - bodies; noun
1) (the whole frame of a man or animal including the bones and flesh: Athletes have to look after their bodies.) der Körper

2) (a dead person: The battlefield was covered with bodies.) die Leiche

3) (the main part of anything: the body of the hall.) der Hauptteil

4) (a mass: a huge body of evidence.) die Masse

5) (a group of persons acting as one: professional bodies.) die Körperschaft

•

- academic.ru/7890/bodily">bodily
2. adverb
(by the entire (physical) body: They lifted him bodily and carried him off.) ganz und gar

- bodyguard
- body language
- bodywork
* * *

body

[ˈbɒdi, AM ˈbɑ:di]

n

1. (physical structure) Körper m, Leib m liter

she's just after his \body ( fig) ihr Interesse an ihm ist rein körperlich [o sexuell]

the \body of Christ der Leib Christi

\body and soul ganz und gar, mit Leib und Seele

she put \body and soul into her work sie hatte sich völlig ihrer Arbeit verschrieben

2. (trunk) Rumpf m

3. ( dated: person) Mensch m

how is a \body supposed to live in these conditions? wie soll jemand unter diesen Bedingungen leben?

she's a cheerful old \body sie ist ein fröhliches Haus fam

4. + sing/pl vb (organized group) Körperschaft f, Organisation f, Organ nt, Gremium nt, Komitee nt

advisory \body beratendes Gremium, beratender Ausschuss

controlling \body Aufsichtsgremium nt

governing \body Leitung f

legislative \body gesetzgebendes Organ

5. + sing/pl vb (group) Gruppe f

student \body Studentenschaft f

\body of opinion viele Menschen gleicher Meinung

in a \body gemeinsam

6. (quantity) Masse f, Menge f, Haufen m fam

a substantial \body of opinion opposes change es gibt eine große Gruppe, die einmütig gegen Veränderungen ist

\body of evidence/information Sammlung f von Beweis-/Informationsmaterial

7. (central part) Hauptteil m, Wesentliche(s) nt; of an army Kerntruppe f; of a church Hauptschiff nt; of a plane, ship Rumpf m; of a string instrument Schallkörper m

in the \body of the House BRIT (Parliament) im Plenum [des Parlaments]

8. AUTO Karosserie f

9. (corpse) Leiche f; (of an animal) Kadaver m, [Tier]leiche f

the dog's \body lay on the rubbish heap der tote Hund lag auf dem Abfallhaufen

10. (material object) Gegenstand m; SCI Körper m

celestial [or heavenly] \body Himmelskörper m

foreign \body Fremdkörper m

11. (substance, thickness) of hair Fülle f, Volumen nt; of paper Stärke f; of wine Gehalt m

to have a full \body wine vollmundig sein

12. (lake, sea)

\body of water Gewässer nt

13. FASHION Body m

14.

▶ over my dead \body nur über meine Leiche

▶ to keep \body and soul together Leib und Seele zusammenhalten

his wages are barely enough to keep \body and soul together sein Lohn ist zum Leben zu wenig und zum Sterben zu viel

* * *
['bɒdɪ]
n

1) (of man, animal) Körper m; (of human also) Leib m (geh)

the body of Christ — der Leib des Herrn

just enough to keep body and soul together — gerade genug, um Leib und Seele zusammenzuhalten

she was committed, body and soul — sie war mit Leib und Seele bei der Sache

2) (= corpse) Leiche f, Leichnam m (geh) → dead

See:

→ dead

3) (= main part of structure of plane, ship) Rumpf m, Körper m; (of string instrument) Korpus m, Schallkörper m; (of church, speech, army also main body) Hauptteil m

the main body of his readers/the students — das Gros seiner Leser/der Studenten

in the body of the House ( Brit Parl ) — im Plenum

4) (= coachwork of car) Karosserie f

5) (= group of people) Gruppe f

the student body —

a body of troops — ein Truppenverband m

a great body of followers/readers — eine große Anhängerschaft/Leserschaft

a large body of people — eine große Menschenmenge

in a body — geschlossen

6) (= organization) Organ nt; (= committee) Gremium nt; (= corporation) Körperschaft f → corporate, politic

See:

→ corporate, politic

7)

(= quantity) a body of facts/evidence/data — Tatsachen-/Beweis-/Datenmaterial

a body of laws/legislation — ein Gesetzeskomplex m

a large body of water — eine große Wassermasse

8) (inf: person) Mensch m

9) (MATH, PHYS, CHEM) Körper m

10) (= substance, thickness of wine) Körper m; (of soup) Substanz f; (of paper, cloth) Festigkeit f, Stärke f

this conditioner will add body to your hair — diese Pflegespülung gibt Ihrem Haar mehr Volumen

11) Body m

* * *

body [ˈbɒdı; US ˈbɑ-]

A s

1. Körper m, Leib m ( auch REL):

body and soul mit Leib und Seele;

keep body and soul together Leib und Seele zusammenhalten;

2. oft dead body Leiche f, Leichnam m:

over my dead body nur über meine Leiche

3. engS. Rumpf m, Leib m

4. Rumpf m, Haupt(bestand)teil m, Mittel-, Hauptstück n, Zentrum n, z. B.

a) (Schiffs-, Flugzeug) Rumpf m

b) MIL (Geschoss) Hülle f

c) Bauch m (einer Flasche etc)

d) MUS (Schall)Körper m, Resonanzkasten m

e) (Auto-, Wagen) Karosserie f

f) Hauptgebäude n

g) (Kirchen) Schiff n

h) MIL Hauptfestung f

5. MIL Truppenkörper m:

body of horse Kavallerieeinheit f;

body of men Trupp m, Abteilung f;

the main body das Gros

6. (die) große Masse, (das) Gros

7. (gegliedertes) Ganzes, Gesamtheit f, System n:

in a ( oder one) body zusammen, geschlossen;

body corporate

a) juristische Person, Körperschaft f,

b) Gemeinwesen n, Gemeinde f;

body of facts Tatsachenmaterial n;

body of history Geschichtswerk n;

body of laws Kodex m, Gesetz(es)sammlung f;

body politic

a) juristische Person,

b) organisierte Gesellschaft,

c) Staat(skörper) m

8. Körper(schaft) m(f), Gesellschaft f, Gruppe f, Organ n, Gremium n:

body of judges Richterkollegium n; → administrative, diplomatic A 1, governing 2

9. fig Kern m, eigentlicher Inhalt, Substanz f, (das) Wesentliche (einer Rede etc)

10. Hauptteil m, Text(teil) m (einer Annonce etc)

11. PHYS (dreidimensionaler) Körper, Masse f (Menge)

12. CHEM Substanz f, Stoff m

13. ANAT Körper m, Stamm m:

body of the uterus Gebärmutterkörper

14. GEOG etc Masse f:

body of water Gewässer n;

body of cold air kalte Luftmasse

15. fig Körper m, Gehalt m (von Wein), Stärke f (von Papier etc), Deckfähigkeit f (von Farbe), Dichtigkeit f, Güte f (von Gewebe etc), (Klang)Fülle f

16. umg Person f, Mensch m:

a curious (old) body ein komischer (alter) Kauz;

not a (single) body keine Menschenseele

17. Töpferei: Tonmasse f

18. ELEK Isolier-, Halteteil m

B v/t meist body forth verkörpern:

a) versinnbildlichen

b) darstellen

* * *

noun

1) (of person) Körper, der; Leib, der (geh.); (of animal) Körper, der

enough to keep body and soul together — genug, um am Leben zu bleiben

2) (corpse) Leiche, die; Leichnam, der (geh.)

over my dead body! — nur über meine Leiche

3) (coll.): (person) Mensch, der; (woman also) Person, die

4) (group of persons) Gruppe, die; (having a particular function) Organ, das

government body — staatliche Einrichtung

5) (mass)

a huge body of water — große Wassermassen

6) (main portion) Hauptteil, der

7) (Motor Veh.) Karosserie, die; (Railw.) Aufbau, der

8) (collection) Sammlung, die

a body of knowledge — ein Wissensschatz

a body of facts — Tatsachenmaterial, das

9) (of wine) Körper, der

* * *

(car) n.

Karosserie -n f. n.

Körper - m.

Leib -er m.

Leiche -n f.

Leichnam -e m.

Rumpf -e m.

English-german dictionary > body
17 Agriculture

   Historically, Portugal's agricultural efficiency, measured in terms of crop yields and animal productivity, has been well below that of other European countries. Agricultural inefficiency is a consequence of Portugal's topography and climate, which varies considerably from north to south and has influenced farm size and farming methods. There are three major agricultural zones: the north, center, and south. The north (the area between the Douro and Minho Rivers, including the district of Trás-os-Montes) is mountainous with a wet (180-249 cm of rainfall/year), moderately cool climate. It contains about 2 million hectares of cultivated land excessively fragmented into tiny (3-5 hectares) family-owned farms, or minifúndios, a consequence of ancient settlement patterns, a strong attachment to the land, and the tradition of subdividing land equally among family members. The farms in the north produce the potatoes and kale that are used to make caldo verde soup, a staple of the Portuguese diet, and the grapes that are used to make vinho verde (green wine), a light sparkling white wine said to aid the digestion of oily and greasy food. Northern farms are too small to benefit from mechanization and their owners too poor to invest in irrigation, chemical fertilizers, or better seeds; hence, agriculture in the north has remained labor intensive, despite efforts to regroup minifúndios to increase farm size and efficiency.

   The center (roughly between the Douro and the Tagus River) is bisected by the Mondego River, the land to either side of which is some of the most fertile in Portugal and produces irrigated rice, corn, grapes, and forest goods on medium-sized (about 100 hectares) farms under a mixture of owner-cultivation and sharecropping. Portugal's center contains the Estrela Mountains, where sheep raising is common and wool, milk, and cheese are produced, especially mountain cheese ( Queijo da Serra), similar to French brie. In the valley of the Dão River, a full-bodied, fruity wine much like Burgundy is produced. In the southern part of the center, where the climate is dry and soils are poor, stock raising mixes with cereal crop cultivation. In Estremadura, the area north of Lisbon, better soils and even rainfall support intensive agriculture. The small farms of this area produce lemons, strawberries, pears, quinces, peaches, and vegetables. Estremadura also produces red wine at Colares and white wine at Buçelas.

   The south (Alentejo and Algarve) is a vast rolling plain with a hot arid climate. It contains about 2.6 million hectares of arable land and produces the bulk of Portugal's wheat and barley. It also produces one of Portugal's chief exports, cork, which is made from bark cut from cork oaks at nine-year intervals. There are vast groves of olive trees around the towns of Elvas, Serpa, and Estremoz that provide Portugal's olives. The warm climate of the Algarve (the most southern region of Portugal) is favorable for the growing of oranges, pomegranates, figs, and carobs. Almonds are also produced. Farms in the south, except for the Algarve, are large estates (typically 1,000 hectares or more in size) known as latifúndios, worked by a landless, wage-earning rural work force. After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, these large estates were taken over by the state and turned into collective farms. During the 1990s, as the radicalism of the Revolution moderated, collectivized agriculture was seen as counterproductive, and the nationalized estates were gradually returned to their original owners in exchange for cash payments or small parcels of land for the collective farm workers.

   Portugal adopted the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) when it joined the European Union (EU) in 1986. The CAP, which is based on the principles of common pricing, EU preferences, and joint financing, has shifted much of Portugal's agricultural decision making to the EU. Under the CAP, cereals and dairy products have experienced declines in prices because these are in chronic surplus within the EU. Alentejo wheat production has become unprofitable because of poor soils. However, rice, tomatoes, sunflower, and safflower seed and potatoes, as well as Portuguese wines, have competed well under the CAP system.

    See also Minifúndios, Latifúndios, European Union.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Agriculture
18 CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE

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   ■ Dias, Eduardo Mayone. Portugal's Secret Jews: The End of an Era. Rumford, R.I.: Peregrinação Publications, 1999.

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   ■ Keefe, Eugene K., et al. Area Handbook for Portugal, 1st ed. Washington, D.C.: Foreign Area Studies of American University, 1977. Kramer, Jane. "A Reporter at Large: The Portuguese Revolution." The New Yorker (Dec. 15, 1975): 92-131.

   ■ Lauré, Jason, and Ettagal Lauré. Jovem Portugal: After the Revolution. New York: Straus, Farrar and Giroux, 1977.

   ■ Livermore, H. V. A New History of Portugal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.

   ■ Lourenço, Eduardo. Os Militares e O Poder. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. O Fascismo Nunca Existiu. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. "Identidade e Memôria: o caso português." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-l 984, 17-22. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Lucena, Manuel. Evolução e Instituições: A Extinção dos Grémios da Lavoura Alentejanos. Mem Martins, 1984.

   ■. "A herança de duas revoluções." In M. Baptista Coelho, ed., Portugal: O Sistema Político e Constitucional, 1974-87, 505-55. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Macedo, Jorge Braga de, and S. Serfaty. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. New York: Praeger, 1981.

   ■ Magone, José M. European Portugal: The Difficult Road to Sustainable Democracy. New York: St. Martin's, 1997. Mailer, Phil. Portugal: The Impossible Revolution. London: Solidarity, 1977. Manta, João Abel. Cartoons/ 1969-1975. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Manuel, Paul C. Uncertain Outcome: The Politics of Portugal's Transition to Democracy. Lanham, Md. and London: University Press of America, 1994.

   ■ Mateus, Rui. Contos Proibidos. Memorias de Um PS Desconhecido, 3rd ed. Lisbon: Dom Quixote, 1996.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth. "Portugal under Pressure." The New York Review of Books (May 2, 1974).

   ■. "The Hidden Revolution in Portugal." The New York Review of Books (April 17, 1975).

   ■. "The Thorns of the Portuguese Revolution." Foreign Affairs 54, 2 (Jan. 1976): 250-70.

   ■. "The Communists and the Portuguese Revolution." Dissent 27, 2 (Spring 1980): 194-206.

   ■. Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■. The Making of Portuguese Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

   ■, ed. "Portugal: Toward the Twenty-First Century." Camoes Center Quarterly 5, 3-4 (Fall 1995): 6-55.

   ■, ed. The Press and the Rebirth of Iberian Democracy. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1983.

   ■. Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution: Reports of Three Columbia University-Gulbenkian Workshops. New York: Research Institute on International Change, Columbia University, 1984.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth, and Michael H. Haltzel, eds. Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Medeiros Ferreira, José. Ensaio Histórico sobre a revolução do 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Medina, João, ed. Portugal De Abril: Do 25 Aos Nossos Dias. In Medina, ed., História Contemporãnea De Portugal. Lisbon, 1985. Merten, Peter. Anarchismus ünd Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libertare, 1981.

   ■ Miranda, Jorge. Constituição e Democracia. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. A Constituição de 1976. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Morrison, Rodney J. Portugal: Revolutionary Change in an Open Economy. Boston: Auburn House, 1981.

   ■ Mujal-Leôn, Eusebio. "The PCP [Portuguese Communist Party] and the Portuguese Revolution." Problems of Communism 26 (Jan.- Feb. 1977): 21-41.

   ■ Neves, Mário. Missão em Moscovo. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Oliveira, César. M. F. A. e Revolução Socialista. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. Os Anos Decisivos: Portugal 1962-1985. Um testemunho. Lisbon: Presença, 1993.

   ■ Opello, Waiter C., Jr. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative Approach. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985.

   ■. Portugal: From Monarchy to Pluralist Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1991.

   ■ Pell, Senator Claiborne H. Portugal ( Including the Azores and Spain) in Search of New Directions: Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976.

   ■ Pereira, J. Pacheco. "A Case of Orthodoxy: The Communist Party of Portugal." In Waller and Fenema, eds., Communist Parties in Western Europe: Adaptation or Decline? Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988.

   ■ Pilmott, Ben. "Socialism in Portugal: Was It a Revolution?" Government and Opposition 7 (Summer 1977).

   ■. "Were the Soldiers Revolutionary? The Armed Forces Movement in Portugal, 1973-1976." Iberian Studies 7, 1 (1978): 13-21.

   ■, and Jean Seaton. "Political Power and the Portuguese Media." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 43-57. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm and Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1977.

   ■ Pouchin, Dominique. Portugal, quelle révolution? Paris, 1976.

   ■ Pulido Valente, Vasco. "E Viva Otelo." In Pulido Valente, V., ed., O País das Maravilhas, 451-54. Lisbon, 1979 [anthology of articles from weekly Lisbon paper, Expresso].

   ■. Estudos Sobre a Crise Nacional. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Rebelo de Sousa, Marcelo. O Sistema de Governo Português antes e depois da Revisão Constitucional, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1981. Rêgo, Raúl. Militares, Clérigos e Paisanos. Lisbon, 1981. Robinson, Richard A. H. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Avelino, Cesário Borga, and Mário Cardoso. O Movemento dos Capitães e o 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Portugal Depois De Abril. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Ruas, H. B., ed. A Revolução das Flores. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Rudel, Christian. La Liberte couleur d'oeillet. Paris: Fayard, 1980.

   ■ Sa, Tiago Moreira de. Os Americanos na Revolucao Portuguesa ( 1974-1976). Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 2004.

   ■ Sá Carneiro, Francisco. Por Uma Social-Democracia Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Sanches Osôrio, Helena. Um Só Rosto. Uma Só Fé. Conversas Com Adelino Da Palma Carlos. Lisbon, 1988. Sanches Osôrio, J. The Betrayal of the 25th of April in Portugal. Madrid: Sedmay, 1975.

   ■ Schmitter, Philippe C. "Liberation by Golpe: Retrospective Thoughts on the Demise of Authoritarian Rule in Portugal." Armed Forces and Society 2 (1974): 5-33.

   ■. "An Introduction to Southern European Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and Turkey." In G. O'Donnell,

   ■ P. C. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, 3-10. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

   ■ Silva, Fernando Dioga da. "Uma Administração Envelhecido." Revista da Ad-ministraçao Pública 2 (Oct.-Dec. 1979).

   ■ Simões, Martinho, ed. Relatório Do 25 De Novembro: Texto Integral, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Soares, Isabel, ed. Mário Soares: O homem e o político. Lisbon, 1976. Soares, Mário. Democratização e Descolonização: Dez meses no Governo Provisório. Lisbon, 1975. Sobel, Lester A., ed. Portuguese Revolution, 1974-1976. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1976.

   ■ Spínola, Antônio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. País Sem Rumo: Contributo para a História de uma Revolução. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Stock, Maria José. Os Partidos do Poder: Dez Anos Depois do " 25 De Abril." Evora, 1986.

   ■ Story, Jonathan. "Portugal's Revolution of Carnations: Patterns of Change and Continuity." International Affairs 52 (July 1976): 417-34. Sweezey, Paul. "Class Struggles in Portugal." Monthly Review 27, 4 (Sept. 1975): 1-26.

   ■ Szulc, Tad. "Lisbon and Washington: Behind Portugal's Revolution." Foreign Policy 21 (Winter 1975-76): 3-62. Tavares de Almeida, Antônio. Balsemão: O retrato. Lisbon, 1981. "Vasco." Desenhos Políticos. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vasconcelos, Alvaro. "Portugal in Atlantic-Mediterranean Security." In Douglas T. Stuart, ed., Politics and Security in the Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance, 117-36. London: Macmillan, 1988.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "Golpes militares e golpes literários. A literatura do golpe de 25 de Abril de 1974 em contexto histôrico." Penélope. Fazer E Desfazer A História, 19-20 (1998): 191-212.

   ■. "Tributo ao Historiador dos Historiadores. Memorias de A.H.de Oliveira Marques (1933-2007)," Historia XXIX, 95, III series (March 2007), 18-22.

   ■ Wiarda, Howard J. Transcending Corporatism? The Portuguese Corporative System and the Revolution of 1974. Columbia: Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina, 1976.

   ■. The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1989. Wise, Audrey. Eyewitness in Revolutionary Portugal. With a Preface by Judith Hart, MP. London: Spokesman, 1975.

   ■ PHYSICAL FEATURES: GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, FAUNA, AND FLORA

   ■ Birot, Pierre. Le Portugal: Étude de géographie régionale. Paris, 1950.

   ■ Embleton, Clifford. Geomorphology of Europe. London: Macmillan, 1984.

   ■ Girão, Aristides de Amorim. Divisão regional, divisão agrícola e divisão administrativa. Coimbra, 1932.

   ■. Condições geográficos e históricas de autonomia política de Portugal. Coimbra, 1935.

   ■. Atlas de Portugal, 2nd ed. Coimbra, 1958.

   ■ Ribeiro, Orlando. Portugal, O Mediterrâneo e o Altântico. Coimbra, 1945 and later eds.

   ■. Portugal. Volume V of Geografia de Espana y Portugal. Barcelona, 1955.

   ■. Ensaios de Geografia Humana e regio nal. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■. A geografia e a divisão regional do país. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. The Individuality of Portugal. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1959.

   ■. Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963.

   ■ Taylor, Albert William. Wild Flowers of Spain and Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1972.

   ■ Way, Ruth, and Margaret Simmons. A Geography of Spain and Portugal. London: Methuen, 1962.

   ■ ARCHAEOLOGY AND PREHISTORY

   ■ "Actas do Colóquio Inter-Universitário do Noroeste Peninsular (Porto-Baião, 1988), vol. II, Proto-História, romanização e Idade Média." In Trabalhos de antropologia e etnologia. 28, 3-4 (1988).

   ■ Alarcão, Jorge de, ed. "Do Paleolítico va arte visigótica." Vol. 1, História da

   ■ Arte em Portugal. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■. Roman Portugal, 3 vols. Warminister, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■. Portugal Das Orígens A Romanização. Vol. I. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon: Presença, 1990. Anderson, James M., and M. S. Lea. Portugal 1001 Sights: An Archaeological and Historical Guide. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary and Robert Hale, 1994.

   ■ Balmuth, Miriam S., Antonio Gilman, and Lourdes Prados-Torreira, eds. Encounters and Transformations: The Archaeology of Iberia in Transition. Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology, no. 7. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.

   ■ Beirão, C. M. M. Une civilization protohistorique du Sud au Portugal ( 1er Age du Fer). Paris: D. Boccard, 1986.

   ■ Cardoso, João Luís, Santinho A. Cunha, and Delberto Aguiar. O Homem Pre-Histórico no Concelho de Oeiras. Oeiras, Portugal: Estudos Arquelógicos de Oeiras, 1991.

   ■ Harrison, Richard J. The Bell Beaker Cultures of Spain and Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977.

   ■ Mangas, Júlio, ed. Hispania epigraphica. Madrid, 1989.

   ■ Maloney, Stephanie J. "The Villa of Toerre de Palma, Portugal: Archaeology and Preservation." Portuguese Studies Review VIII, 1 (Fall-Winter, 1999-2000): 14-28.

   ■ Savory, H. N. Spain and Portugal: The Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula. London, 1968.

   ■ Silva, A. C. F. A cultura castreja no Noroeste de Portugal. Paços de Ferreira:

   ■ Museu da Citânia de Sanfins, 1986. Straus, L. G. Iberia before the Iberians. Albuquerque, N.M., 1992.

   ■ FOREIGN TRAVELERS AND RESIDENTS' ACCOUNTS

   ■ Andersen, Hans Christian. A Visit to Portugal 1866. London: Peter Owen, 1972.

   ■ Beckford, William. Italy, with Sketches of Spain and Portugal. Paris: Baudry's European Library, 1834.

   ■. The Journal of William Beckford in Portugal and Spain 1787-1788.

   ■ Boyd Alexander, ed. London: Hart-Davies, 1954.

   ■. Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcoboca and Batalha. Fontwell, U.K.: Centaur Press, 1972.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. In Portugal. London: Bodley Head, 1912.

   ■ Borrow, George. The Bible in Spain, 2 vols. London: Constable, 1923 ed.

   ■ Chaves, Castelo Branco. Os livros de viagens em Portugal no século XVIII e a sua projecção europeia. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Costigan, Arthur William. Sketches of Society and Manners in Portugal. London: T. Vernon, 1787.

   ■ Crawfurd, Oswald. Portugal Old and New. London: Kegan, Paul, 1880.

   ■. Round the Calendar in Portugal. London: Chapman & Hall, 1890.

   ■ Darymple, William. Travels through Spain and Portugal in 1774. London: J. Almon, 1777.

   ■ Dumouriez, Charles Francois Duperrier. An Account of Portugal as It Appeared in 1766. London: C. Law, 1797.

   ■ Fielding, Henry. Jonathan Wild and the Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon. London: J. M. Dent, 1932.

   ■ Fullerton, Alice. To Portugal for Pleasure. London: Grafton, 1945.

   ■ Gibbons, John. I Gathered No Moss. London: Robert Hale, 1939.

   ■ Gordon, Jan, and Cora Gordon. Portuguese Somersault. London: Harrap, 1934.

   ■ Hewitt, Richard. A Cottage in Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.

   ■ Huggett, Frank. South of Lisbon: Winter Travels in Southern Portugal. London: Gollancz, 1960.

   ■ Hume, Martin. Through Portugal. London: Richards, 1907.

   ■ Hyland, Paul. Backwards Out of the Big World: A Voyage into Portugal. Hammersmith, U.K.: HarperCollins, 1996.

   ■ Jackson, Catherine Charlotte, Lady. Fair Lusitania. London: Bentley, 1874.

   ■ Kelly, Marie Node. This Delicious Land Portugal. London: Hutchinson, 1956.

   ■ Kempner, Mary Jean. Invitation to Portugal. New York: Athenaeum, 1969.

   ■ Kingston, William H. G. Lusitanian Sketches of the Pen and Pencil. 2 vol. London: Parker, 1845.

   ■ Landmann, George. Historical, Military and Picturesque Observations on Portugal. 2 vol. London: Cadell and Davies, 1818.

   ■ Latouche, John [Pseudonym of Oswald Crawfurd]. Travels in Portugal. London: Ward, Lock & Taylor, ca. 1874.

   ■ Link, Henry Frederick. Travels in Portugal and France and Spain. London: Longman & Rees, 1801.

   ■ Macauley, Rose. They Went to Portugal. London: Jonathan Cape, 1946.

   ■. They Went to Portugal, Too. Manchester: Carcanet Books, 1990.

   ■ Merle, Iris. Portuguese Panorama. London: Ouzel, 1958.

   ■ Murphy, J. C. Travels in Portugal. London: 1795.

   ■ Proper, Datus C. The Last Old Place: A Search through Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.

   ■ Quillinan, Dorothy [Wordsworth]. Journal of a Few Months in Portugal with Glimpses of the South of Spain. 2 vol. London: Moxon, 1847. Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1954. Smith, Karine R. Until Tomorrow: Azores and Portugal. Snohomish, Wash.: Snohomish Publishing, 1978. Southey, Robert. Journals of a Residence in Portugal, 1800-1801 and a Visit to France, 1838. London and New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1912. Thomas, Gordon Kent. Lord Byron's Iberian Pilgrimage. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983. Twiss, Richard. Travels through Portugal and Spain in 1772-1773. London, 1775.

   ■ Watson, Gilbert. Sunshine and Sentiment in Portugal. London: Arnold, 1904. Wheeler, Douglas L. "A[n American] Fulbrighter in Lisbon, Portugal, 196162." Portuguese Studies Review 1 (1991): 9-16.

   ■ PORTUGUESE CARTOGRAPHY, DISCOVERIES, AND NAVIGATION

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Curso de História de Naútica. Coimbra, 1972.

   ■. Introdução a história dos descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Mem Martins, 1983.

   ■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon: Alfa, 1983.

   ■. Navegadores, viajantes e adventureiros portugueses: Séculos XV e XVI. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■. Portuguese Books on Nautical Science from Pedro Nunes to 1650. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Boorstin, Daniel. The Discoverers. New York: Random House, 1983. Boxer, C. R. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415-1825. London: Hutchinson, 1969.

   ■ Brazão, Eduardo. La découverte de Terre-Neuve. Montreal: Les Presses de l'Université, 1964.

   ■. "Les Corte-Real et le Nouveau Monde." Revue d'histoire d'Amérique Française 19, 1 (1965): 335-49. Cortesão, Armando, and Avelino Teixeira de Mota. Cartografia Portuguesa Antiga. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■. Portugalia Monumenta Cartográfica, 6 vols. Lisbon, 1960-62.

   ■. História da Cartografia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1969-70.

   ■ Cortesão, Jaime. L'expansion des portugais dans l'historie de la civilisation. Brussels, 1930.

   ■. Os descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. V. Magalhães Godinho and Joel Serrão, eds. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■. A expansão dos Portugueses no período henriquinho. Lisbon, 1965.

   ■. Descobrimentos precolombanos dos portugueses. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■ Costa, Abel Fontoura da. A Marinharia dos Descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■ Costa Brochado, Idalino F. Descobrimento do Atlântico. Lisbon, 1958. English ed., 1959-60.

   ■ Coutinho, Admiral Gago. A naútica dos descobrimentos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1951-52.

   ■ Crone, G. R. Maps and Their Makers. New York: Capricorn Books, 1966.

   ■ Dias, José S. da Silva. Os descobrimentos e a problemática cultural do Século XVI, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Disney, Anthony, and Emily Booth, eds. Vasco Da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000.

   ■ Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães, ed. Documentos sobre a expansão portuguesa [ to 1460], 3 vols. Lisbon, 1945-54.

   ■ Guedes, Max, and Gerald Lombardi, eds. Portugal. Brazil: The Age of Atlantic Discoveries. Lisbon: Bertrand; Milan: Ricci; Brazilian Culture Foundation, 1990. [Catalogue of New York Public Library Exhibit, Summer 1990]

   ■ Harley, J. B., and David Woodward. The History of Cartography. Volume 1: Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient and Medieval Europe and Mediterranean. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.

   ■ Leite, Duarte. História dos Descobrimentos: Colectânea de esparsos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1958-61.

   ■ Ley, Charles. Portuguese Voyages, 1498-1663. London: Dent, 1953.

   ■ Marques, J. Martins da Silva. Descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1944-71.

   ■ Martyn, John R. C., ed. Pedro Nunes ( 1502-1578): His Lost Algebra and Other Discoveries. John R. C. Martyn, trans. New York: Peter Lang, 1996.

   ■ Morison, Samuel Eliot. The European Discovery of America: The Northern Voyages, A. D. 500-1600. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971.

   ■. Portuguese Voyages to America in the Fifteenth Century. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974.

   ■ Mota, Avelino Teixeira da. Mar, Além-Mar-Estudos e Ensaios de História e Geografia. Lisbon, 1972.

   ■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Vida e Obra do Infante D. Henrique. Lisbon, 1959.

   ■ Parry, J. H. The Discovery of the Sea. New York: Dial, 1974.

   ■ Penrose, Boies. Travel and Discovery in the Renaissance, 1420-1620. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1952.

   ■ Peres, Damião. História dos Descobrimentos Portugueses. Oporto, 1943.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. The Portuguese Pioneers. London, 1933; New York: Barnes & Noble, 1967.

   ■ Rogers, Francis M. Precision Astrolabe: Portuguese Navigators and Transoceanic Aviation. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Seary, E. R. "The Portuguese Element in the Place Names of Newfoundland." In Luís Albuquerque, ed., Vice-Almirante A. Teixeira da Mota: In Memo-riam. Vol. II, 359-64. Lisbon: Academia da Marinha, 1989.

   ■ Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. The Career and Legend of Vasco Da Gama. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

   ■ Velho, Alvaro. Roteiro ( Navigator's Route) da Primeira Viagem de Vasco da Gama ( 1497-1499). Lisbon, 1960.

   ■ Winius, George, ed. Portugal, the Pathfinder: Journeys from the Medieval toward the Modern World 1300-ca. 1600. Madison, Wisc.: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, 1995.

   ■ PORTUGAL AND HER OVERSEAS EMPIRES (1415-1975)

   ■ Abshire, David M., and Michael A. Samuels, eds. Portuguese Africa: A Handbook. New York: Praeger, 1969.

   ■ Afonso, Aniceto, and Carlos de Matos Gomes. Guerra Colonial. Lisbon: Noticias, 2001.

   ■ Albuquerque, J. Moushino de. Moçambique. Lisbon, 1898.

   ■ Alden, Dauril. The Making of an Enterprise: The Society of Jesus in Portugal, Its Empire & Beyond. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1995.

   ■ Alexandre, Valentim. Orígens do Colonialismo Português Moderno ( 18221891). Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1979.

   ■. Velho Brasil, Novas Africas: Portugal e o Império ( 1808-1975). Oporto: Afrontamento, 2000.

   ■, and Jill Dias, eds. "O Império Africano 1825-1890. Volume X." In J.

   ■ Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds., Nova História Da Expansão Portuguesa. Lisbon: Estampa, 1998.

   ■ Ames, Glen J. "The Carreira da India, 1668-1682: Maritime Enterprise and the Quest for Stability in Portugal's Asian Empire." Journal of European Economic History 20, 1 (1991): 7-28.

   ■. Renascent Empire? The House of Braganza and the Quest for Stability in Portuguese Monsoon Asia, ca. 1640-1683. Amsterdam: Amsterdam Univ.Press, 2000.

   ■. Vasco da Gama. Renaissance Crusader. New York: Pearson/Longman, 2005.

   ■ Antunes, José Freire. O Império com Pés de Barro: Colonizaçao e Descolonização: As Ideologias em Portugal. Lisbon: D. Quixote, 1980.

   ■. O Factor Africano 1890-1990. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1990.

   ■. A Guerra De Africa 1961-1974, 2 vols. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995-96.

   ■. Jorge Jardim: Agente Secreto 1919-1982. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1996.

   ■ Axelson, Eric A. South-East Africa, 1488-1530. London: Longmans, 1940.

   ■. "Prince Henry and the Discovery of the Sea Route to India." Geographical Journal (U.K.) 127, 2 (June 1961): 145-58.

   ■. Portugal and the Scramble for Africa, 1875-1891. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1967.

   ■. Portuguese in South-East Africa, 1488-1699. Cape Town: Struik, 1973.

   ■. Congo to Cape: Early Portuguese Explorers. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.

   ■ Azevedo, Mário. Historical Dictionary of Mozambique, 2nd ed. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2003.

   ■ Baião, António, Hernãni Cidade, and Manuel Murias, eds. História da Expansão Portuguesa no Mundo, 4 vols. Lisbon, 1937-40.

   ■ Bender, Gerald J. "The Limits of Counterinsurgency [in the Angolan War, 1961-72]." Comparative Politics (1972): 331-60.

   ■. Angola under the Portuguese: The Myth Versus Reality. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.

   ■ Bhíla, H. H. K. Trade and Politics in a Shona Kingdom: The Manyika and Their Portuguese and African Neighbours, 1875-1902. Harlow, U.K.: Longman, 1990.

   ■ Birmingham, David. The Portuguese Conquest of Angola. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965.

   ■. Trade and Conflict in Angola. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966.

   ■. Frontline Nationalism in Angola & Mozambique. London: James Currey, 1992.

   ■. Portugal and Africa. New York: St. Martins, 1999.

   ■ Bottineau, Yves. Le Portugal Et Sa Vocation Maritime. Paris: Boccard, 1977. Boxer, C. R. Fidalgos in the Far East— Fact and Fancy in the History of Macau. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1948. ———. The Christian Century in Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1951.

   ■ ———. Salvador de Sá and the Struggle for Brazil and Angola, 1602-1688. London, 1952.

   ■ ———. Four Centuries of Portuguese Expansion, 1415-1825: A Succinct Survey. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1961.

   ■ ———. The Golden Age of Brazil, 1695-1750. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962.

   ■ ———. Race Relations in the Portuguese Colonial Empire, 1415-1825. Oxford:

   ■ Clarendon Press, 1963. ———. Portuguese Society in the Tropics. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1965.

   ■ ———. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire 1415-1825. London: Hutchi nson, 1969.

   ■ ———, and Carlos de Azevedo, eds. Fort Jesus and the Portuguese in Mombasa. London: Hollis and Carter, 1960.

   ■ Broadhead, Susan H. Historical Dictionary of Angola, 2nd ed. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1992.

   ■ Burton, Richard. Goa and the Blue Mountains. London: Bentley, 1851.

   ■ Cabral, Luís. Crónica da Libertação. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Caetano, Marcello. Colonizing Traditions, Principles and Methods of the Portuguese. Lisbon, 1951.

   ■ ———. Portugal E A Internacionalização Dos Problemas Africanos, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1965.

   ■ Cann, John P. Counterinsurgency in Africa: The Portuguese Way of War, 1961-1974. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1997. Castelo, Claudia. " O modo portugues de estar no mundo." O luso-tropicalismo e a ideologia colonial portuguesa ( 1931-1961). Oporto: Afrontamento, 1998. Castro, Armando. O Sistema Colonial Português em Africa ( meados do Século XX). Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Chaliand, Gerard. "The Independence of Guinea-Bissau and the Heritage of [Amilcar] Cabral." In Revolution in the Third World. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1978.

   ■ Chilcote, Ronald H. Portuguese Africa. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1967.

   ■ Clarence-Smith, Gervase. Slaves, Peasants and Capitalists in Southern Angola 1840-1926. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.

   ■ ———. The Third Portuguese Empire 1825-1975: A Study in Economic Imperialism. Manchester, U.K.: Manchester University Press, 1985.

   ■ Coates, Timothy J. Convicts and Orphans: Forced and State-Sponsored Colonizers in the Portuguese Empire, 1550-1720. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2001.

   ■ Davies, Shann. Macau. Singapore: Times Editions, 1986.

   ■ Dias, C. Malheiro, ed. História da colonização portuguesa no Brasil, 3 vols. Oporto, 1921-24.

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   ■. "L'alliance Anglo-Portuguese: Histoire et situation actuelle." Chronique de politique etrangére (Paris) XX, 6 (1967): 695-708.

   ■. Portugal e a Internacionalização dos Problemas Africanos. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Castro, Armando. A dominação inglesa em Portugal. Estudo seguido de Antologia Textos dos Sécs. XVIII e XIX. Oporto: Afrontamento, 1972.

   ■ Crollen, Luc. Portugal, the U.S. and NATO. Leuven, Belgium: Leuven University Press, 1973.

   ■. "Portugal." In O. De Raeymaeker et al. Small Powers in Alignment, 27-96. Leuven, Belgium: Leuven University Press, 1974.

   ■ Cunha Leal, Francisco. Portugal e Inglaterra. Corunna, 1932.

   ■ Davidson, Basil. "The Oldest Alliance Faces a Crisis." In Philip Masonm, ed., Angola: A Symposium. Views of a Revolt, 138-60. London: Oxford University Press, 1962.

   ■ Duff, Katherine. "The War and the Neutrals." In Arnold and Veronica Toyn-bee, eds., Survey of International Affairs. London: Chatham House, 1956.

   ■ Duffy, James. A Question of Slavery. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967.

   ■ Epstein, John. "The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 1373-1973." World Survey (London) 54 (June 1973): p. 18.

   ■ Ferreira, José Medeiros. Estudos de Estratégia e Relações Internacionais. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Ferreira Martins, General L. O Poder Militar Da Gran-Bretanha E A Aliança Anglo-Lusa. Coimbra, 1939.

   ■. A Cooperaçio Anglo-Portuguesa na Grande Guerra de 1914-18. Lisbon, 1942.

   ■ Francis, A. D. The Methuens and Portugal 1691-1700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966.

   ■. Portugal 1715-1808. London: Tamesis, 1985.

   ■ Freitas, A. Barjona de. A Questão Ingleza. Lisbon, 1891.

   ■ Gonçalves, Caetano. A Aliança Luso-Britânica e o Domínio Colonial Português. Lisbon, 1917.

   ■ Guedes, Armando Marques. A Aliança Inglesa: Notas de História diplomática, 1383-1943. Lisbon, 1943. Halpern Pereira, Miriam. Revoluçio, finanças, dependência externa. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Howorth, A. H. D'Araujo Scott. A Aliança Luso-Britânica E A Segunda Guerra Mundial. Lisbon, 1956.

   ■ Kay, Hugh. Salazar and Modern Portugal. New York: Hawthorne, 1970.

   ■ Lawrence, L. Nehru Seizes Goa. New York: Pageant, 1963.

   ■ Livermore, H. V. "The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance: Historical Perspective." 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 7-15. Lisbon: BBC, 1973.

   ■ Macedo, Jorge Borges de. História Diplomática Portuguesa-Constantes e Linhas de Força. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Manoel, J. de Câmara. Portugal e Inglatterra. Lisbon, 1909.

   ■ Martinez, Pedro S. História Diplomática de Portugal. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Medlicott, W. N. The Economic Blockade, Vol. II. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1952.

   ■ Oliveira, Pedro Aires. Os Despojos Da Alianca. A Gra-Bretanha e a questao colonial portuguesa 1945-1975. Lisbon: Tinta-da-China, 2007. Ortigão, Ramalho. John Bull. Lisbon, 1887.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. Diplomatic Relations of Portugal with France, England and Holland from 1646 to 1668. Watford, U.K.: Voss & Michael, 1925.

   ■. Chapters in Anglo-Portuguese Relations. London: Voss & Michael, 1935.

   ■ Russell, Peter E. The English Intervention in Spain and Portugal in the Time of Edward III and Richard II. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1955. Sarmento, J. E. Morães. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance and Coast Defense. London, 1908.

   ■ Serrão, Joel. "O Ultimatum (January 1890)." Dicionário de História de Portugal. Vol. IV (1971): 219-24.

   ■ Shafaat, Ahmed Khan, ed. Anglo-Portuguese Negotiations Relating to Bombay, 1660-1667. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1922.

   ■ Sideri, Sandro. Trade and Power: Informal Colonialism in Anglo-Portuguese Relations. Rotterdam: Rotterdam University Press, 1970.

   ■ Sousa, Carlos Hermenegildo de. A Aliança Anglo-Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1943.

   ■ Stone, Glyn A. "The Official British Attitude to the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 1910-45." Journal of Contemporary History (London) 10, 4 (Oct. 1975): 729-46.

   ■. The Oldest Ally: Britain and the Portuguese Connection, 1936-1941. Woodbridge, U.K.: Royal Historical Society and Boydell Press, 1994. Teixeira, Nuno Severiano. O Ultimatum Inglês: Política Externa no Portugal do 1890. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Teles, Basilio. Do Ultimatum ao 30 de Janeiro. Oporto, 1905.

   ■ Vicente, António Pedro. "Um testemunho de 1796 sobre a Situação de Portugal face ao domínio inglês." In Arquivos do Centro Cultural Portugües, IV. Paris, 1972.

   ■ Vieira de Castro, Luís. D. Carlos I. ( Elementos de História Diplomática), 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1941.

   ■ Vincent-Smith, John. "Britain, Portugal and the First World War." European Studies Review 4, 3 (1974).

   ■. "The Portuguese Economy and the Anglo-Portuguese Commercial Treaty of 1916." Iberian Studies (Keele, U.K.) III, 2 (Autumn 1974): 49-54.

   ■. As Relações Políticas Luso-Britânicas 1910-1916. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. "The Portuguese Republic and Britain, 1910-14." Journal of Contemporary History 10, 4 (Oct. 1975): 707-27.

   ■ Vintras, R. E. The Portuguese Connection: A Secret History of the Azores Base. London: Bachman & Turner, 1974. Viriato [Pseud]. A Aliança lnglesa. Lisbon, 1914.

   ■ Walford, A. R. The British Factory in Lisbon and Its Closing Stages Ensuring upon the Treaty of 1810. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "The Portuguese in Angola, 1836-1891: A Study in Expansion and Administration." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 1963.

   ■. "19th Century: Anglo-Portuguese Alliance and the Scramble for Africa." In BBC, 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 40-43. London: BBC, 1973.

   ■. "The Price of Neutrality: Portugal, the Wolfram Question and World War II." Luso-Brazilian Review (Madison, Wisc.) 34, 1, 2 (Summer 1986; Winter 1986): 107-27; 97-111.

   ■ Wordsworth, William. William Wordsworth's Convention of Cintra: A Facsimile of the 1809 Tract [Introduction by Gordon Kent Thomas]. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983.

   ■ Young, George. Portugal Old and Young. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1917.

   ■ ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, RURAL AND URBAN SOCIETY

   ■ Almeida, Miguel Vale de. The Hegemonic Male: Masculinity in a Portuguese Town. Oxford: Berghan, 1996.

   ■ Black, Richard. Crisis and Change in Rural Europe: Agricultural Development in the Portuguese Mountains. Aldershot, U.K.: Avebury and Ashgate, 1992.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. Men Who Migrate, Women Who Wait: Population and History in a Portuguese Parish. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■. "The Absence of Men." Natural History 96, 2 (Feb. 1987): 52-61.

   ■. "The Portuguese." In Encyclopedia of World Cultures. New Haven, Conn.: Human Relations Area Files, 1990.

   ■. "The Priest and His People: The Contractual Basis for Religious Practice in Rural Portugal." In Ellen Badone, ed., Religious Orthodoxy and Popular Faith in European Society, 55-75. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1990.

   ■ Brogger, Jan. Pre-bureaucratic Europeans: A Study of a Portuguese Fishing Community. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. Cabral, Manuel Villaverde. "Portuguese Perspectives." Sociologia Ruralis [Journal of European Rural Sociology] XXIV, 1 (1986); number devoted to rural Portugal today. Chaney, Rick. Regional Emigration and Remittances in Developing Countries: The Portuguese Experience. New York: Praeger, 1986. Cole, Sally. Women of the Praia: Work and Lives in a Portuguese Colonial Community. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1991. Cutileiro, José. A Portuguese Rural Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971.

   ■ Deschamps, Paul. Portugal: La Vie Sociale Actuelle. Paris, 1935.

   ■. Histoire Sociale du Portugal. Paris, 1959.

   ■ Dias, Jorge. Rio do Onor-comunitarismo agropastoral. Oporto, 1953.

   ■. Ensaios Etnológicos. Lisbon, 1961.

   ■. The Portuguese Contribution to Cultural Anthropology. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1964.

   ■. Vilarinho Da Furna: Uma Aldeia Comunitária. Rev. ed. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Downs, Charles. Os Moradores à Conquista da Cidade. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■. "Community Organization, Political Change and Urban Policy: Portugal. 1974-1976." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology. University of California, 1980.

   ■. "Residents' Commissions and Urban Struggles in Revolutionary Portugal." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Dracklé, Dorlé. Macht und Ohnmacht: Der Kampf num die Agarreform im Alentejo ( Portugal). Gottingen, Germany: Edit. Re, 1991.

   ■ Espírito Santo, Moise. Communidade Rural ao Norte do Tejo. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Feijó, Rui, H. Martins, and João de Pina Cabral, eds. Death in Portugal. Oxford: Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford, 1983.

   ■ Feijó, Rui Graça. "State, Nation and Regional Diversity in Portugal: An Overview." In Richard Herr and John H. Polt, eds., Iberian Identity: Essays on the Nature of Identity in Portugal and Spain, 37-47. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1989.

   ■ Feio, Mariano. Les Bas Alentejo et l'Algarve. Lisbon, 1949.

   ■ Ferreira de Almeida, João. Classes sociais nos campos. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Fonseca, Ramiro da. O Livro da Saúde e da Doença. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. Portugal: A Book of Folk-Ways. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1936. Reprinted, 1961.

   ■ Hoefgen, Lynn. "The Integration of Returnees from the Colonies into Portugal's Social and Economic Life." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, 1985.

   ■ Ingerson, Alice Elizabeth. "Corporatism and Class Consciousness in Northwestern Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology. Johns Hopkins University, 1984.

   ■ Jenkins, Robin. The Road to Alto. London: Pluto Press, 1979.

   ■ Lawrence, Denise. "Menstrual Politics: Women and Pigs in Rural Portugal." In T. Buckley and A. Gottlieb, eds., Blood Magic: The Anthropology of Menstruation, 117-36. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.

   ■. "Suburbanization of House Form and Gender Relations in a Rural Portuguese Agro-Town." Architecture and Behavior 4, 3 (1988): 197-212.

   ■ Martins, Hermínio. "Portugal." In Margaret S. Archer and Salvador Giner, eds., Contemporary Europe: Class, Status and Power. New York: St. Martins, 1971.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Identificação de um país. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Merten, Peter. Anarchismüs und Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libera-tare Association, 1981.

   ■ Monteiro, Paulo. Terra que ja foi terra: Análise Sociológica de nove lugares agro-pastorais da Serra da Lousã. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Nataf, Daniel. "Social Cleavages and Regime Formation in Contemporary Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Political Science, UCLA, 1987.

   ■ Nazareth, J. Manuel. "Familia e Emigração em Portugal: Ensaio Exploratório." Economia e Socialismo 23 (1977): 31-50.

   ■ O'Neill, Brian Juan. "Dying and Inheriting in Rural Tras-os-Montes." Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford 14 (1983): 44-74.

   ■. Social Inequality in a Portuguese Hamlet: Land, Late Marriage, and Inheritance, 1870-1978. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

   ■ Pacheco, Helder. Tradições Populares de Portugal. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Pardoe, Julia. Traits and Traditions of Portugal, 2 vols. London, 1832.

   ■ Pereira Neto, João Baptista. "Social Evolution in Portugal since 1945." In Raymond S. Sayers, ed., Portugal and Brazil in Transition, 212-27. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1968.

   ■ Pina-Cabral, João de. Sons of Adam, Daughters of Eve: The Peasant World-View of the Alto Minho. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.

   ■. "Sociocultural Differentiation and Regional Identity in Portugal." In

   ■ R. Herr and J. H. Polt, eds., Iberian Identity, 3-18. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, 1989.

   ■ Poinard, Michel. La Retour des Traveilleurs Portugais. Paris: La Documentation Francaise, 1979.

   ■ Reed, Robert Roy. "Managing the Revolution: Revolutionary Promise and Political Reality in Rural Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, 1988.

   ■ Riegelhaupt, Joyce F. "In the Shadow of the City: Integration of a Portuguese Village" [São João das Lampas, nr, Cascais]. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, 1964.

   ■. "Saloio Women: An Analysis of Informal and Formal Political and Economic Roles of Portuguese Peasant Women." Anthropological Quarterly 40, 3 (July 1967): 109-26.

   ■. "Festas and Padres: The Organization of Religious Action in a Portuguese Parish." American Anthropologist 75 (1973): 835-52.

   ■. "Peasants and Politics in Salazar's Portugal: The Corporate State and Village 'Nonpolitics'" In L. S. Graham and H. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents, 167-90. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Julieta E. S. de Almeida. "Continuity and Change in Urban Portuguese Women's Roles: Emerging New Household Structures." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology, Columbia University, 1979.

   ■ Rowland, Robert. "Demographic Patterns and Rural Society in Portugal." So-ciologica Ruralis 26, 1 (1986): 36-47.

   ■ Sanchis, Pierre. Arraial. La Fête d'un Peuple: Les Pélerinages Populaires au Portugal. Paris, 1976.

   ■ Siegel, Bernard J. "Social Structure and Medical Practitioners in Rural Brazil and Portugal." Sociologia (São Paulo) 20, 4 (Oct. 1958): 463-76.

   ■. "Conflict, Parochialism and Social Differentiation in Portuguese Society." Journal of Conflict Resolution V, 1 (March 1961): 35-12.

   ■ Smith, T. Lynn. "The Social Relationships of Man to the Land in Portugal." Sociologia 25, 1 (Dec. 1963): 319-43.

   ■ Sousa Santos, Boaventura. "Estado e sociedade na semiperíferia do sistema mundiale: O caso português." Análise Social 87-89 (1985): 869-902.

   ■. "Social Crisis and the State." In Kenneth Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation, 167-95. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Vasconcellos, Joaquim Leite de. Ethnograia Portuguesa, 8 vols. Lisbon, 1941-82.

   ■. Tradições Populares Portugueses. New ed. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Willems, Emilio. "On Portuguese Family Structure." International Journal of Comparative Society (Dharwar, India) 3, 1 (Sept. 1962): 65-79.

   ■ ARTS, ARCHITECTURE, URBAN PLANNING, MUSIC

   ■ Almeida, Rodrigo Vicente de. História da Arte em Portugal: ( Segundo Estudo) Documentos lnéditos. Oporto, 1883. Almeida D'Eca, Admiral Vicente M. Castles of Portugal. Lisbon, 1925. Amaral, Francisco K. Lisboa: Uma Cidade em Transformação. Lisbon, 1969. Azevedo, Carlos de, and Chester Brummel. Churches of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1985.

   ■ Barreira, João, ed. Arte Portuguesa: As Decorativas, 2 vols. Lisbon, n.d.

   ■ Barretto, Mascarenhas, and George Dykes. Fado: Lyrical Origins and Poetical Motivation. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. London: Scala, 1987.

   ■ Branco, Luís de Freitas. A Música em Portugal. Lisbon, 1930.

   ■ Brito, Manuel Carlos de. Opera in Portugal in the Eighteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

   ■ Carvalho, Pinto de. História de Fado. Lisbon, 1903 and 1982 eds.

   ■ Castro d'Aire, Teresa. O Fado. Lisbon: Temas da Actualidade, 1996.

   ■ Chicó, Mário Tavares. A Architectura Gótica em Portugal. Lisbon, 1968.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. A Arte em Portugal No Século XIX. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■. Lisboa Pombalina e o Illuminismo, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■. A Reconstrucão e a Arquitectura Pombalina. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. "The Fado (The Portuguese Song of Fate)." Musical Quarterly XIX (1933): 199-213.

   ■. Eight Portuguese Folksongs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1936.

   ■ Gil, Júlio. The Finest Churches in Portugal. Lisbon, 1988.

   ■. The Finest Castles in Portugal, 3rd ed. George F. W. Dykes, trans. Lisbon, 1996.

   ■ Gonçalves, Rui Mário. Pintura e escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura, 1984.

   ■. 100 Pintores Portugueses do século XX. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■ Kubler, George. Portuguese Plain Architecture: Between Spices and Diamonds, 1521-1706. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1972.

   ■. Studies in Ancient American and European Art: The Collected Essays of George Kubler. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1985.

   ■, and Martin Soria. Art and Architecture in Spain and Portugal. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1959.

   ■ Lacerda, Aarão de. História da Arte em Portugal, 2 vols. Oporto, 1942-48.

   ■ Leão, Joaquim de Sousa. "Decorative Art: The Azulejo." In H. V. Livermore, ed. Portugal and Brazil: An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1953.

   ■ Lopes Graça, Fernando. A canção popular portuguesa. Lisbon, 1953.

   ■. A música portuguesa e os sus problemas: Ensaios. Lisbon, 1959.

   ■ Moita, Luís. O fado: canção de vencidos. Lisbon, 1936.

   ■ Neves, José Cassiano. The Palace and Gardens of Fronteira: Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Portuguese Style. Lisbon: Quetzal and Scala, 1995. North, C.T. Guia dos castelos antigos de Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon: Bertrand Ed., 2002.

   ■ Pacheco, Jose. Stuart Carvalhais. O desenho grafico e a imprensa. Lisbon: Biblioteca do Empresario, 2000. Pereira, Paulo, ed. Arte portuguesa. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995. Picchio, Luciana Stegagno. Storia del Teatro Portoghese. Rome: Edizinio deli' Ateneo, 1964.

   ■ Queirós, José. Cerâmica Portuguesa, 2 vols. 2nd rev. ed. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Santos, Luís Reis. Monuments of Portugal. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1948-50.

   ■. História da Arte em Portugal. Oporto, 1953.

   ■ Sasportes, José. História da Dança em Portugal. Lisbon, 1970. Simões, J. M. dos Santos. "Azulejos in a Land of Many Colours." Connoisseur (London) CXXXVII, 551 (1956): 15-21.

   ■. Azulejaria em Portugal no Século X VIII. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. A Talha em Portugal. Lisbon, 1963.

   ■. The Art of Portugal, 1500-1800. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1968.

   ■. "The Building of Mafra." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 360-67.

   ■ Stoop, Anne de. Demeures portugaises dans les environs de Lisbonne. Paris: Weber, 1986.

   ■. Palais et manoirs: Le Minho. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1995.

   ■ Tannock, Michael. Portuguese 20th Century Artists: A Biographical Dictionary. Chichester, U.K.: Phillimore, 1978.

   ■ Taylor, René. "The Architecture of Port Wine." The Architectural Review CXXIX, 772 (1961): 368-99.

   ■ Terol, Marylene. Azulejos a Lisbonne. Paris: Hervas, 1992.

   ■ Veiga de Oliveira, Ernesto. Instrumentos musicais populares portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Watson, Walter Crum. Portuguese Architecture. London: Constable, 1908. Wohl, Hellmut. "Carlos Mardel and His Lisbon Architecture." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 350-59.

   ■ Sculpture and Ceramics

   ■ Andrade, Sergio de. "Presepios." In Dicionario de Arte Barroca em Portugal. Lisbon: Presenca, 1989. Barreira, Joao. Arte Portuguesa, Arquitectura e Escultura. Lisbon: Excelsior, n.d.

   ■ Cardoso, Arnaldo Pinto. O Presepio Barroco Portugues. Lisbon: Bertrand, 2003.

   ■ Chaves, Luis. Os Barristas Portugueses. Coimbra, 1925.

   ■. Natal Portugues. Oporto: Liv. Classica Editora, 1942.

   ■ Gargano, Pietro. Il Presepio. Otto Secoli di Storia, Arte, Tradizione. Milan: Fenice, 1995.

   ■ Lima, Henrique de Campos F. Joaquim Machado de Castro, Escultor Conimbricense. Coimbra: Instituto de Historia de Arte, 1989. Macedo, Diogo de. Presepios Portugueses. Lisbon: Artis, 1951.

   ■. Machado de Castro. Lisbon: Artis, 1958.

   ■ Morais, Heitor. Natal do Meu Coracao. Braga: Ed. A.O., 1991.

   ■ Pais, Alexandre Nobre. Presepios Portugueses Monumentos do Seculo XVIII em Terracotta, 2 vols. Master's thesis in history of art, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Queiros, Jose. Ceramica Portuguesa. Lisbon: Presenca, 1998. Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1951. Serrao, Vitor. Historia da Arte em Portugal IV-O Barroco. Lisbon: Presenca, 2003.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. The Art Of Portugal 1500-1800. New York: Meredith Press, 1968.

   ■ Sousa, Ernesto de. Presepios. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1998.

   ■ Cinema

   ■ Antunes, Joao and Jose de Matos-Cruz, Cinema Portugues 1896-1998. Lisbon: Lusomundo, 1997.

   ■ Bandeira, Jose Gomes. Porto: 100 anos de cinema portugues. Oporto: Camara Municipal do Porto, 1996. Duarte, Fernando. Primitivos do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Cinecultura, 1960.

   ■ Faria de Almeida, M., Resumo da Historia do Cinema. Lisbon: RTP, 1982. Nobre, Roberto. Singularidades do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Portugalia, n.d.

   ■ Pina, Luis de. Aventura do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Vega, 1977.

   ■. Documentarismo Portugues. Lisbon: IPC, 1977.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Historia do Cinema Portugues. Mem Martins: Europa-America, 1986.

   ■ Ribeiro, Felix. O Cinema Portugues antes do Sonoro. Esboco Historiconema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: n.d.

   ■ Children's Literature

   ■ Andresen, Sofia de Melo Breyner. A Fada Oriana. 9th ed. Lisbon: Figueiri-nhas, 1985.

   ■ Araújo, Matilde Rosa. A estrada fascinante. Lisbon: Livros Horizonte, 1988. Barreto, Garcia. Literatura Para Crianças E Jovens Em Portugal. Oporto:

   ■ Campo Das Letras, 1998. Bastos, Glória. A escrita para crianças em Portugal no seculo XIX. Lisbon:

   ■ Caminho da Educaçao, 1997. Cadet, Maria Rita Chiappe. Os Contos da Mamã. Lisbon: Lallement Freres, 1883.

   ■ Castro, Fernanda. Mariazinha em Africa, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1947. Cross, Esther, and Wilbur Cross. Portugal. Chicago: Childrens Press, 1986. DeSkalon, Anna, and Christa Stadtler. We Live in Portugal. New York: Watts, 1987.

   ■ Gomes, Alice. A Nau Catrineta, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1973.

   ■. A literatura para a infância. Lisbon: Torres & Abreu, 1979.

   ■ Letria, José Jorge. Do sentimento mágico da vida. Lisbon: Escritor, 1994. Müller, Adolfo Simões. Historiazinha de Portugal, 6th ed. Oporto: Tavares Martins, 1983.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. Para as crianças. Illustr. by Leal da Câmara. Setúbal: Liv. Crianças, 1908.

   ■ Pires, Maria Laura Bettencourt. História da literatura infantil portuguesa. Lisbon: Vega, 1981. Ribeiro, Aquilino. Arca de Noé-III Classe. Lisbon, 1989. Rocha, Natércia. Breve História da Literatura para Crianças em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura e Língua Portuguesa, 1984.

   ■. Bibliografia geral da literatura portuguesa para crianças. Lisbon: Edit. Comunicação, 1987.

   ■ Sá, Domingos Guimarães de. A literatura infantil em Portugal. Braga: Edit. Franciscana, 1981.

   ■ Selfridge. John. Portugal. New York: Chelsea House, 1990. Vaz de Carvalho, Maria Amália. Contos para os Nossos Filhos, 11th ed. Oporto: Barreira, 1947.

   ■ Viana, António Manuel Couto. Jõao de Deus e um século de literatura infantil em Portugal. Lisbon: Ed. do Templo, 1978.

   ■ Lisbon, Capital City, in History and Literature

   ■ Castelo-Branco, Fernando. Lisboa Seiscentista, 3rd ed. Lisbon: 1969.

   ■ Castilho, Júlio de. Lisboa Antiga, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1935-45.

   ■ Couto, Dejanirah. Histoire de Lisbonne. Paris: Fayard, 2000.

   ■ Crespo, Ángel. Lisboa Mítica e Literária. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1987.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Lisboa Desaparecida. Lisbon: Quimera, 1990.

   ■ Dionísio, Sant'anna, ed. Guia de Portugal. Vol. I: Lisboa e Arredores. Lisbon: Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, 1924, orig. ed; reprint, Gulbenkian Foundation, 1979.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. Lisboa Pombalina e o Iluminismo. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1977.

   ■ Moita, Irisalva, ed. O Livro de Lisboa. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1994.

   ■ Neves, Orlando. Lisboa em Crónica. Lisbon: Author's Ed., 1968.

   ■ Pavão, Luís, and Mário Pereira. Tabernas de Lisboa. Lisbon: Assírio & Alvim, 1981.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Lisboa. O que o turista deve ver: What the Tourist Should See. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1997.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. À Capital. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1960.

   ■ Santos, Piedade Braga, et al. Lisboa Setecentista vista por Estrangeiros. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1996.

   ■ Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa. Lisbon: Caminho, 1993.

   ■ Wright, David, and Patrick Swift. Lisbon: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1971.

   ■ The Inquisition in History

   ■ Azevedo, João Lúcio. Historia das Cristãos-Novos. Lisbon: Liv. Clássica, 1975.

   ■ Baião, António. A Inquisição em Portugal e no Brasil: Subsídios para a sua história. Lisbon: Arquivo Histórico Portugues, 1906. Bethencourt, Francisco. "Portugal: A Scrupulous Inquisition," In Bengt Ankarloo and Gustav Henningsen, eds., Early Modern Witchcraft: Centres and Peripheries, 403-22. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.

   ■. "Os equilíbrios sociais do Poder." In José Mattoso, ed., Historia De Portugal, Vol. 3, No Alvorecer Da Modernidade ( 1480-1620). Lisbon: Estampa, 1993.

   ■. História das Inquisições: Portugal, Espanha e Itália. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1994.

   ■ Braga, Maria Luísa. A Inquisição em Portugal na primeira metade do Séc. XVIII. Lisbon: Inst. Nacional de Investigação Científica, 1992.

   ■ Haliczer, Stephen, ed. Inquisition and Society in Early Modern Europe. London: Croom Helm, 1987.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. Reprint. New York: AMS Press, 1968.

   ■ Magalhães, Joaquim Romero. "Em Busca dos Tempos da Inquisição (15731615)." Revista de História das Ideias 9 (1987): 191-228.

   ■ Mea, Elvira Cunha Azevedo. A Inquisição de Coimbra no Século XVI. Oporto, 1989.

   ■ Mendonça, José Lourenço D. de, and António Joaquim Moreira. História da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1980.

   ■ Novinsky, Anita, and Luísa M. Carneiro, eds. Inquisição: Ensaios sobre Mentalidade, Heresias e Arte. Rio de Janeiro: Expressão e Cultura, 1992.

   ■ Pereira, Isais da Rosa. Documentos para a história da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Rego, Yvonne Cunha, ed. Feiticeiros, Profetas e Visionários: Textos Antigos Portugueses. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional e Casa da Moeda, 1981.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. Inquisição e cristãos-novos. Lisbon: Estampa, 1985.

   ■ Walker, Timothy Dale. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of History, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Literature in English Translation: Selection

   ■ Alcaforado, Mariana. The Letters of a Portuguese Nun ( Mariana Alcaforado). Edgar Prestage, trans. London: D. Nutt, 1893.

   ■ Andrade, Eugénio de. "White on White." Alexis Levitin, trans. Quarterly Review of Literature. Poetry Series VIII. Vol. 27. Princeton, N.J., 1987.

   ■. Another Name for Earth; O outro nome da terra. Alexis Levitin, trans. Ft. Bragg, Calif.: QED Press, 1997.

   ■ Andresen, Sophia de Mello Breyner. Marine Rose: Selected Poems. Ruth Fain-light, trans. Redding Ridge, Conn.: Swan Books, 1989.

   ■ Antunes, António Lobo. South of Nowhere. Elizabeth Lowe, trans. New York: Random House, 1983.

   ■. Fado Alexandrino. Gregory Rabassa, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1990.

   ■. An Explanation of the Birds. Richard Zenith, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1991.

   ■. Act of the Damned. New York: Grove Press, 1995.

   ■. The Natural Order of Things. New York: Grove Press, 2000.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. The Three Marias: New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. Poems from the Portuguese ( with the Portuguese text). A.

   ■ Bell, trans. Oxford: Blackwell, 1913.

   ■ Camões, Luís de. The Lusiads of Luís de Camões. Leonard Bacon, trans. New York: Hispanic Society of America, 1950.

   ■. The Lusiads. William C. Atkinson, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1952.

   ■. The Lusiads. Landeg White, trans. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

   ■ Castelo Branco, Camilo. Doomed Love ( A Family Memoir). Alice R. Clemente, trans Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1995. Castro, José Maria Ferreira de. Emigrants. Dorothy Ball, trans. New York: Macmillan, 1962.

   ■. Jungle. Charles Duff, trans. New York: Viking, 1935.

   ■. The Mission. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1963.

   ■ Dantas, Júlio. The Cardinals' Collation, 48th ed. A. Saintsbury, trans. London, 1962.

   ■ Dias de Melo. Dark Stones. Gregory McNab, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1996.

   ■ Dinis, Júlio. The Fidalgos of Casa Mourisca. Rosanna Dabney, trans. Boston: D. Lothrop, 1891.

   ■ Garrett, Almeida. Brother Luiz de Sousa [play]. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: Elkin Mathess, 1909.

   ■. Travels in My Homeland. John M. Parker, trans. London: Peter Owen and UNESCO, 1987. Griffin, Jonathan. Camões: Some Poems Translated from the Portuguese by Jonathan Griffin. London: Menard Press, 1976. Jorge, Lídia. The Murmuring Coast. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.

   ■ Lisboa, Eugénio, ed. Portuguese Short Fiction. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1997.

   ■ Lopes, Fernão. The English in Portugal 1367-87: Extracts from the Chronicles of Dom Fernando and Dom João. Derek W. Lomax and R. J. Oakley, eds. and trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■ Macedo, Helder, ed. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry: An Anthology in English. Helder Macedo, et al., trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet New Press, 1978.

   ■ Martins, J. P. De Oliveira. A History of Iberian Civilization. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans.; preface by Salvador de Madariaga. New York: Cooper Square, 1969.

   ■ Mendes Pinto, Fernão. The Travels of Mendes Pinto [Orig. title: Peregrinação].

   ■ Rebecca D. Catz, trans., with introduction and notes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989. Miguéis, José Rodrigues. A Man Smiles at Death with Half a Face. George

   ■ Monteiro, trans. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1991.

   ■. Happy Easter. John Byrne, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■. Steerage and Ten Other Stories. George Monteiro, ed. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1998. Monteiro, Luís De Sttau. The Rules of the Game. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1965.

   ■ Mourão-Ferreira, David. Lucky in Love. Christine Robinson, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1999. Namora, Fernando. Field of Fate. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1970.

   ■. Mountain Doctor. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1956.

   ■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Inclement Weather over the Channel. Francisco Cota Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1993.

   ■. Stormy Isles: An Azorean Tale. Francisco C. Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 2000.

   ■ Paço D'Arcos, Joaquim. Memoirs of a Banknote. Robert Lyle, trans. London, 1968.

   ■ Pedroso, Consiglieri, comp. Portuguese Folk-Tales. Henriqueta Monteiro, trans. Reprint of orig. 1882 ed. New York: Benjamin Blom, 1969.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Fernando Pessoa: Sixty Portuguese Poems. F. E. G. Quintanilha, ed. and trans. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1971.

   ■. Selected Poems: Fernando Pessoa. 2nd rev. ed. Jonathan Griffin, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1982.

   ■. The Book of Disquiet. Alfred MacAdams, trans. New York: Pantheon, 1991.

   ■. Fernando Pessoa: Selected Poems. Peter Rickard, ed. and trans. Edinburgh, U.K.: Edinburgh University Press, 1991.

   ■. "The Mariner: A 'Static Drama' in One Act." In Translation: Portugal.

   ■ George Ritchie, et al., trans. The Journal of Literary Translation. Vol. XXV, 38-56. New York: Translation Center, Columbia University, 1991.

   ■. Message: Bilingual Edition. Jonathan Griffin, trans. London: Menard Press and King's College, 1992.

   ■ Pires, José Cardoso. Ballad of a Dog's Beach. Mary Fitton, trans. London: J. M. Dent, 1986.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. Cousin Bazilio. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1953.

   ■. The Relic. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1954.

   ■. The City and the Mountains. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1955.

   ■. The Sin of Father Amaro. Nan Flanagan, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1962.

   ■. The Maias. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1965.

   ■. The Illustrious House of Ramires. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■. Letters from England. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1970.

   ■. To the Capital. John Vetch, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■ Quental, Antero de. Sixty-four Sonnets. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: David Nutt, 1894.

   ■ Redol, Alves. The Man with Seven Names. L. L. Barrett, trans. New York: Knopf, 1964.

   ■ Resende, André de. André deResende's 'Poema Latina'/ 'Latinpoems.' J. C. R. Martyn, ed. and trans. Lewiston N.Y.: Lampeter and Edwin Mellen, 1998. Ribeiro, Aquilino. When the Wolves Howl. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. New York: Macmillan; London: Cape, 1963. Sá Carneiro, Mário de. The Great Shadow ( and Other Stories). Margaret Jull Costa, trans. Sawtry, U.K.: Dedalus, 1996. Santareno, Bernardo. The Promise. Nelson H. Vieira, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1981.

   ■ Saramago, José. Baltasar and Blimunda. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1987.

   ■. The Stone Raft. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The History of the Siege of Lisbon. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1996.

   ■. Blindness. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1999.

   ■. Tale of the Unknown Island. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2000.

   ■. All the Names. Margaret Jull Costa, trans. New York: Harcourt, 2000.

   ■. Journey to Portugal. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2001.

   ■ Sena, Jorge de. The Poetry of Jorge de Sena: A Bilingual Selection. Frederick G. Williams et al., trans. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Mudborn Press, 1980.

   ■. By the Rivers of Babylon and Other Stories. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1989.

   ■ Vicente, Gil. Four Plays of Gil Vicente: Edited from the Editio Princeps ( 1562). Aubrey F. G. Bell, ed. and trans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1920.

   ■. Lyrics of Gil Vicente. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Hispanic Notes and Monographs, Portuguese Series 1, 1921.

   ■. The Play of Rubena. Jack E. Tomlins, trans.; Rene P. Garay and José I. Suarez, eds. New York: National Hispanic Foundation for Humanities, 1993.

   ■. The Boat Plays. David Johnston, trans. and adaptation. London: Oberon, 1996.

   ■. Three Discovery Plays. Anthony Lappin, trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1997.

   ■ Vieira, António. Dust Thou Art. Rev. W. Anderson, trans. London, 1882.

   ■ Portuguese and Portuguese-American Cooking: Cuisine

   ■ Anderson, Jean. Food of Portugal. New York: Hearst, 1994. Asselin, E. Donald. A Portuguese-American Cookbook. Rutland, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle, 1966.

   ■ Bourne, Ursula. Portuguese Cookery. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1973. Crato, Maria Helena Tavares. Cozinha Portuguesa I, II. Lisbon: Editorial Presença, 1978.

   ■ Dienhart, Miriam, and Anne Emerson, ed. Cooking in Portugal. Cascais: American Women of Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Feibleman, Peter S. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. New York: Time-Life Books; Foods of the World, 1969.

   ■ Koehler, Margaret H. Recipes from the Portuguese of Provincetown. Riverside, Conn.: Chatham Press, 1973. Manjny, Maite. The Home Book of Portuguese Cookery. London: Faber & Faber, 1974.

   ■ Marques, Susan Lowndes. Good Food from Spain and Portugal. London: Muller, 1956.

   ■ Modesto, Maria de Lourdes. Cozinha Tradicional Portuguesa. Lisbon: Verbo, 1982.

   ■ Ortiz, Elisabeth Lambert. The Food of Spain and Portugal. The Complete Iberian Cuisine. New York: Atheneum, 1989. Pinto, Elvira. La Bonne Cuisine Portugaise. Paris: Edicions Garanciere, 1985.

   ■ Robertson, Carol. Portuguese Cooking: The Authentic and Robust Cuisine of Portugal. Berkeley Calif.: North Atlantic, 1993. Schmaeling, Tony. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. Ware, U.K.: Omega, 1983.

   ■ Vieira, Édite. The Taste of Portugal. London: Robinson, 1989.

   ■ Von Treskow, Maria. Zü Gast in Portugal: Eine Kulnarische Reise in Garten Europas. Weingarten: Kunstverlag, 1989. Wright, Carol. Portuguese Food. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■. Self-catering in Portugal: Making the Most of Local Food and Drink. London: Croom Helm, 1986.

   ■ Gardens and Gardening of Portugal and Madeira

   ■ Afonso, Simonetta Luz, and Angela Delaforce. Palace of Queluz— The Gardens. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Araújo, Iluídio Alves de. Arte Paisagista e Arte das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1962.

   ■ Azeredo, Francisco de. Casas Senhoriais Portuguesas. Barcelos, 1986.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1987.

   ■ Bowe, Patrick, and Nicolas Sapieha. Gardens of Portugal. New York: Scala Books and Harper and Row, 1989.

   ■ Cane, Florence du. The Flowers and Gardens of Madeira. London, 1924.

   ■ Cardoso, Pedro Homem, and Helder Carita. Da Grandeza das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Carita, Helder, and Homem Cardoso. Portuguese Gardens. London: Antique Collector's Club, 1987.

   ■ Costa, António da, and Luís de O. Franquinho. Madeira: Plantas e Floras. Funchal, 1986.

   ■ Nichols, Rose Standish. Spanish and Portuguese Gardens. Boston, 1926.

   ■ Pereira, Arthur D. Sintra and Its Farm Manors. Sintra, 1983.

   ■ Sampaio, Gonçalo. Flora Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1945.

   ■ Underwood, John, and Pat Underwood. Landscapes of Madeira. London, 1980.

   ■ Vieira, Rui. Flowers of Madeira. Funchal, 1973.

   ■ Viterbo, Francisco Marques de Sousa. A Jardinagem em Portugal, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1906-9.

   ■ Education, Science, Health, and Medical History

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Estudos de História, 3 vols. Coimbra, 1973-81.

   ■. Ciência e experiência nos Descobrimentos portugueses. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. Para a História de Ciência em Portugal. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. As Navegaçoes E A Sua Projecção Na Ciência E Na Cultura. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Baião, Antônio. Episódios Dramáticos da Inquisição Portuguesa, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1936-55.

   ■ Cabreira, Antônio. Portugal nos mares e nas ciências. Lisbon, 1929. Carvalho, Rômulo de. A Astronomia em Portugal (séc. xviii). Lisbon, 1985. Fernandes, Barahona. Egas Moniz: Pioneiro de descobrimentos médicos. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Gaitonde, P. D. Portuguese Pioneers in India: Spotlight on Medicine. London: Sangam Books, 1983.

   ■ Hanson, Carl A. "Portuguese Cosmology in the Late Seventeenth Century." In Benjamin F. Taggie and Richard W. Clement, eds., Iberia & the Mediterranean, 75-85. Warrensburg: Central Missouri State University, 1989.

   ■ Higgins, Michael H., and Charles F. S. de Winton. Survey of Education in Portugal. London, 1942.

   ■ Hirsch, Elizabeth Feist. Damião de Góis: The Life and Thought of a Portuguese Humanist. The Hague, 1967.

   ■ Lemos, Maximiano. Arquivos de História da Medicina Portuguesa. Several vols. Lisbon, 1886-1923. Vol. I. História da Medicina em Portugal. Doutrina e Instituições. Lisbon, 1899.

   ■ Mira, Matias Ferreira de. História da Medicina Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Orta, Garcia de. Colóquios dos Simples e Drogas e Cousas Medicinais da India. Conde de Ficalho, ed., 2 vols. Lisbon, 1891-95.

   ■ Osório, J. Pereira. História e Desenvolvimento da Ciência em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1986-89.

   ■ Pina, Luís de. "Uma prioridade portuguesa do século XVI. João de Barros e a Dactiloscópia Oriental." Arquivo da Repartição de Antropologia Criminal IV (1936).

   ■. "As Ciências na História do Império Colonial Português — Séculos XV a XIX." Anais de Faculdade de Ciências do Porto ( 1939-10).

   ■. "Os Portugueses Mestres de Ciência e Metras no Estrangeiro." Actas do Congresso do Mundo Português. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■. "A Ciência em Portugal (bosquejo Histórico)." In Secretariado Nacional da Informação, ed., Portugal: Breviário Da Pátria Para Os Portugueses Ausentes, 277-301. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Richards, Robert A. C., ed. Guide to World Science: Vol. 9: Spain and Portugal, 2nd ed. Guernsey, U.K.: F. H. Books, 1974.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. História da Cultura em Portugal, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1950-62.

   ■ ———. "João de Barros." In Serrao, ed., Dicionário de História de Portugal 1 (1963): 307-8.

   ■ Silvestre Ribeiro, José. História dos Establecimentos Scientíficos, Literários e Artísticos de Portugal nos Successivos Reinados da Monarchia, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1871-83.

   ■ Veiga-Pires, J. A., and Ronald G. Grainger, eds. Pioneers in Angiography: The Portuguese School ofAngiography. Lancaster, U.K.: MTP Press, 1982.

   ■ Walker, Timothy. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Feminism and Women's Studies

   ■ Barbosa, Madelena. "Women in Portugal." Women's Studies International Quarterly 4 (1981): 477-80.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. Novas Cartas Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1972.

   ■ ———. The Three Marias. New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. We Have Already Cried Many Tears: The Stories of Three Portuguese Migrant Women. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1982.

   ■ Ferreira, Virginia. "Engendering Portugal: Social Change, State Politics, and Women's Social Mobilization." In António Costa Pinto, ed., Modern Portugal, 162-88. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.

   ■ Goodwin, Mary. "Portuguese Feminism." Portuguese Studies Newsletter 17 (Spring-Summer 1987): 12-13.

   ■ Lamas, Maria. As Mulheres do Meu País. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ "Mulheres Portuguesas e Feminismo." Análise Social [special number on Portuguese Women and Feminism] 22 (1986): 92-93.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. As Mulheres Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1905.

   ■ Sadlier, Darlene J. The Question of How: Women Writers and New Portuguese Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood; Contributions in Women's Studies, no. 109, 1989.

   ■ Silva, Manuela. The Employment of Women in Portugal. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications, European Communities, 1984. Velho da Costa, Maria. Maina Mendes. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vicente, Ana, and Maria Reynolds de Souza. Family Planning in Portugal. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Religion and Catholic Church

   ■ Almeida, Fortunato de. História da Igreja em Portugal. 6 vols. Coimbra, 1910-24, and Oporto, 1967-72. Alonso, Joaquim Maria. The Secret of Fátima: Fact and Legend. Cambridge, Mass.: Ravengate Press, 1979. Alves, José da Felicidade, ed. Católicos e política de Humberto Delgado à Marcelo Caetano. Lisbon, 1969. Araújo, Miguel de, ed. Dicionario político; 1; Os Bispos e a revoluçao de Abril. Lisbon, 1976. Bishko, Charles Julian. Spanish and Portuguese Monastic History 600-1300. London, Variorum Reprints, 1984.

   ■ Blanshard, Paul. Freedom and Catholic Power in Spain and Portugal. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962.

   ■ Boxer, C. R. The Church Militant and Iberian Expansion 1440-1770. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Church and State in Portugal: Crises of Cross and Sword." Journal of Church and State XVIII (1976): 463-90. Freire, José Geraldes. Resistência Católico ao Salazarismo-Marcelismo. Oporto, 1976.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. John C. Banner, trans. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1962.

   ■ IPOPE. Estudo sobre liberdade e religião em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973. Johnston, Francis. Fátima: The Great Sign. Chulmleigh, U.K.: Augustine Publications, 1980.

   ■ Kondor, Fr. Louis. Fátima in Lucia's Own Words: Sister Lucia's Memoirs. Fatima: Postulation Center, 1976. Lourenço, Joaquim Maria. Situação jurídica da Igreja em Portugal. Coimbra, 1943.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Religião e Cultura na Idade Média Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1982. Miller, Samuel J. Portugal and Rome c. 1748-1830: An Aspect of Catholic Enlightenment. Rome: Universita Gregoriana Editrice, 1978. O'Malley, John W. The First Jesuits. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993.

   ■ Pattee, Richard. Portugal and the Portuguese World. Milwaukee, Wisc.: Bruce, 1957.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. Portugal: A Pioneer of Christianity. Lisbon, 1945.

   ■ Richard, Robert. Etudes sur l'histoire morale et religieuse de Portugal. Paris: Centro Cultural de Gulbenkian, 1970.

   ■ Robinson, Richard A. H. "The Religious Question and Catholic Revival in Portugal, 1900-1930." Journal of Contemporary History XII (1977): 345-62.

   ■. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, R. P. Francisco. História da Companhia de Jesus na Assistência de Portugal, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1931-50.

   ■ Roth, Cecil. A History of the Marranos. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1932.

   ■ Agriculture, Viticulture, and Fishing

   ■ Abreu-Ferreira, Darlene. "The Portuguese in Newfoundland: Documentary Evidence Examined." Portuguese Studies Review 4, 1 (1995-96): 11-33.

   ■ Allen, H. Warner. The Wines of Portugal. London: Michael Joseph, 1963.

   ■ Barros, Afonso de. A reforma agrária em Portugal. Oeiras, 1979.

   ■ Beamish, Huldine V. The Hills of Alentejo. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1958.

   ■ Bennett, Norman R. "The Golden Age of the Port Wine System, 1781-1807." The International History Review XII (1990): 221-18.

   ■ Black, Richard. "The Myth of Subsistence: Market Production in the Small Farm Sector of Northern Portugal." Iberian Studies 1, 8 (1989): 25-41.

   ■ Bravo, Pedro, and Duarte de Oliveira. Viticulture Moderna. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Vinhas e Vinhos De Portugal. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Cabral, Manuel V. "Agrarian Structures and Recent Movements in Portugal." Journal of Peasant Studies 4, 5 (July 1978): 411-45.

   ■ Cardoso, José Carvalho. A Agricultura Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Carvalho, Bento de. Guía Dos Vinhos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Clarke, Robert. Open Boat Whaling in the Azores: The History and Present Methods of a Relic Industry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954.

   ■ Cockburn, Ernest. Port Wine and Oporto. London: Wine & Spirit, 1949. Cole, S. C. "Cod, Cod Country and Family: The Portuguese Newfoundland Fishery." Mast 3, 1 (1990): 1-29.

   ■ Coull, James. The Fisheries of Europe. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1972.

   ■ Croft-Cooke, Rupert. Port. London: Putnam, 1957.

   ■. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.

   ■ Delaforce, John. The Factory House at Oporto. London: Christie's Wine Publications, 1979 and later eds.

   ■ Doel, Patricia A. Port O'Call: Memories of the Portuguese White Fleet in St. John's Newfoundland. St. John's, Newfoundland: ISER, 1992.

   ■ Fletcher, Wyndham. Port: An Introduction to Its History and Delights. London: Bernet, 1978.

   ■ Francis, A. D. The Wine Trade. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1972.

   ■ Freitas, Eduardo, João Ferreira de Almeida, and Manuel Villaverde Cabral. Modalidades de penetração do capitalismo na agricultura: estruturas agrárias em Portugal Continental, 1950-1970. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Gonçalves, Francisco Esteves. Portugal: A Wine Country. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Gulbenkian Foundation. Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Kurlansky, Mark. Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World. New York: Walker, 1997.

   ■ Malefakis, Edward. "Two Iberian Land Reforms Compared: Spain, 1931-1936 and Portugal, 1974—1978." In Gulbenkian Foundation, Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Moreira da Fonseca, A. Port Wine: Notes on Its History, Production and Technology. Oporto, 1981.

   ■ Moutinho, M. História da pesca do bacalhau. Lisbon: Imprensa Universitária, 1985.

   ■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. lntrodução a história da agricultura em Portugal.

   ■ Lisbon, 1968. Pato, Octávio. O Vinho. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Pearson, Scott R. Portuguese Agriculture in Transition. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987.

   ■ Postgate, Raymond. Portuguese Wine. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■ Read, Jan. The Wines of Portugal. London: Faber & Faber, 1982.

   ■ Robertson, George. Port. London: Faber & Faber, 1982 ed.

   ■ Rutledge, Ian. "Land Reform and the Portuguese Revolution." Journal of Peasant Studies 5, 1 (Oct. 1977): 79-97.

   ■ Sanceau, Elaine. The British Factory at Oporto. Oporto, 1970.

   ■ Simon, Andre L. Port. London: Constable, 1934.

   ■ Simões, J. Os grandes trabalhadores do Mar: Reportagens na Terra Nova e na Groenlândia. Lisbon: Gazeta dos Caminho de Ferro, 1942.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992: Special Report. New York: Camões Center/RIIC, Columbia University, 1990.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. Landscapes of Bacchus: The Vine in Portugal. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1970.

   ■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Seat to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.

   ■ Unwin, Tim. "Farmers' Perceptions of Agrarian Change in Northwest Portugal." Journal of Rural Studies 1, 4 (1985): 339-57.

   ■ Valadão do Valle, E. Bacalhau: tradições históricas e económicos. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Venables, Bernard. Baleia! The Whalers of Azores. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■ Villiers, Alan. The Quest of the Schooner Argus: A Voyage to the Banks and Greenland. New York: Scribners, 1951. World Bank. Portugal: Agricultural Survey. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ ECONOMY, INDUSTRY, AND DEVELOPMENT

   ■ Aiyer, Srivain, and Shahid A. Chandry. Portugal and the E.E.C.: Employment and Implications. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Baklanoff, Eric N. The Economic Transformation of Spain and Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1978.

   ■. "Changing Systems: The Portuguese Revolution and the Public Enterprise Sector." ACES ( Association of Comparative Economic Studies) Bulletin 26 (Summer-Fall 1984): 63-76.

   ■. "Portugal's Political Economy: Old and New." In K. Maxwell and M. Haltzel, eds., Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy, 37-59. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Barbosa, Manuel P. Growth, Migration and the Balance of Payments in a Small, Open Economy. New York: Garland, 1984.

   ■ Braga de Macedo, Jorge, and Simon Serfaty, eds. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1981.

   ■ Carvalho, Camilo, et al. Sabotagem Econômica: " Dossier" Banco Espírito Santo e Comercial de Lisboa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Corkill, David. The Development of the Portuguese Economy: A Case of Euro-peanization. London: Routledge, 1999.

   ■ Cravinho, João. "The Portuguese Economy: Constraints and Opportunities." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 111-65. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Dornsbusch, Rudiger, Richard S. Eckhaus, and Lane Taylor. "Analysis and Projection of Macroeconomic Conditions in Portugal." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 299-330. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ The Economist (London). "On the Edge of Europe: A Survey of Portugal." (June 30, 1981): 3-27.

   ■. "Coming Home: A Survey of Portugal." (May 28, 1988).

   ■. 'The New Iberia: Not Quite Kissing Cousins" [Spain and Portugal]. (May 5, 1990): 21-24.

   ■ Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian and German Marshall Fund of the U.S., eds. II Conferência Internacional sobre e Economia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Hudson, Mark. Portugal to 1993: Investing in a European Future. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit/Special Report No. 11 57/EIU Economic Prospects Series, 1989.

   ■ International Labour Office (ILO). Employment and Basic Needs in Portugal. Geneva: ILO, 1979.

   ■ Kavalsky, Basil, and Surendra Agarwal. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ Krugman, Paul, and Jorge Braga de Macedo. "The Economic Consequences of the April 25th Revolution." Economia III (1979): 455-83.

   ■ Lewis, John R., and Alan M. Williams. "The Sines Project: Portugal's Growth Centre or White Elephant?" Town Planning Review 56, 3 (1985): 339-66.

   ■ Makler, Harry M. "The Consequences of the Survival and Revival of the Industrial Bourgeoisie." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 251-83. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Marques, A. La Politique Economique Portugaise dans la Période de la Dictature ( 1926-1974). Doctoral thesis, 3rd cycle, University of Grenoble, France, 1980.

   ■ Martins, B. Sociedades e grupos em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Mata, Eugenia, and Nuno Valério. História Econômica De Portugal: Uma Perspectiva Global. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1994. Murteira, Mário. "The Present Economic Situation: Its Origins and Prospects." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 331-42. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979. OCED. Economic Survey: Portugal: 1988. Paris: OCED, 1988 [see also this series since 1978].

   ■ Pasquier, Albert. L'Economie du Portugal: Données et Problémes de Son Expansion. Paris: Librarie Generale de Droit, 1961. Pereira da Moura, Francisco. Para onde vai e economia portuguesa? Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Pintado, V. Xavier. Structure and Growth of the Portuguese Economy. Geneva: EFTA, 1964.

   ■ Pitta e Cunha, Paulo. "Portugal and the European Economic Community." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 321-38. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. "The Portuguese Economic System and Accession to the European Community." In E. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 281-300. Lisbon, 1985. Porto, Manuel. "Portugal: Twenty Years of Change." In Alan Williams, ed., Southern Europe Transformed, 84-112. London: Harper & Row, 1984. Quarterly Economic Review. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1974-present.

   ■ Salgado de Matos, Luís. Investimentos Estrangeiros em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973 and later eds.

   ■ Schmitt, Hans O. Economic Stabilisation and Growth in Portugal. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1981.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Columbia University, 1989.

   ■ Tillotson, John. The Portuguese Bank Note Case [ 1920s]: Legal, Economic and Financial Approaches to the Measure of Damages in Contract. Manchester, U.K.: Faculty of Law, University of Manchester, 1992.

   ■ Tovias, Alfred. Foreign Economic Relations of the Economic Community: The Impact of Spain and Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1990.

   ■ Valério, Nuno. A moeda em Portugal, 1913-1947. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1984.

   ■. As Finanças Públicas Portuguesas Entre As Duas Guerras Mundiais. Lisbon: Cosmos, 1994.

   ■ World Bank. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978 and to the present.

   ■ PHOTOGRAPHY ON PORTUGAL

   ■ Alves, Afonso Manuel, Antônio Sacchetti, and Moura Machado. Lisboa. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Antunes, José. Lisboa do nosso olhar; A look on Lisbon. Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1991. Beaton, Cecil. Near East. London: Batsford, 1943.

   ■. Lisboa 1942: Cecil Beaton, Lisbon 1942. Lisbon: British Historical Society of Portugal/Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1995.

   ■ Bottineau, Yves. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1957.

   ■ Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. 7 Olhares ( Seven Viewpoints). Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Capital, A. Lisboa: Imagens d'A Capital. Lisbon: Edit. Notícias, 1984.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Photographias de Lisboa, 1900 ( Photographs of Lisbon, 1900). Lisbon: Quimera, 1991.

   ■. Os melhores postais antigos de Lisboa ( The best old postcards of Lisbon). Lisbon: Químera, 1995.

   ■ Finlayson, Graham, and Frank Tuohy. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1970.

   ■ Glassner, Helga. Portugal. Berlin-Zurich: Atlantis-Verlag, 1942. Hopkinson, Amanda, ed. Reflections by Ten Portuguese photographers. Bark-way, U.K.: Frontline/Portugal 600, 1996.

   ■ Lima, Luís Leiria, and Isabel Salema. Lisboa de Pedra e Bronze. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Martins, Miguel Gomes. Lisboa ribeirinha ( Riverside Lisbon). Lisbon: Arquivo Municipal, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Livros Horizonte, 1994. Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa ( This Lisbon). Lisbon: Caminho, 1994. Wohl, Hellmut, and Alice Wohl. Portugal. London: Frederick Muller, 1983.

   ■ EQUESTRIANISM

   ■ Andrade, Manoel Carlos de, Luz da Liberal e Nobre Arte da Cavallaria. Lisbon, 1790.

   ■ Graciosa, Filipe. Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre. Lisbon, 2004.

   ■ Horsetalk Magazine. Published in New Zealand.

   ■ Oliveira, Nuno. Reflections on the Equestrian Art. London, 2000.

   ■ Russell, Eleanor, ed. The Truth in the Teaching of Nuno Oliveira. Stanhope,

   ■ Queensland, Australia, 2003. Vilaca, Luis V., and Pedro Yglesias d'Oliveira, eds. LUSITANO. Coudelarias De Portugal. O Cavalo ancestral do Sudoeste da Europa. Lisbon: ICONOM, 2005.

   ■ Websites of interest: www.equestrian.pt portugalweb.com

Historical dictionary of Portugal > CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
19 vino

Del verbo venir: ( conjugate venir) \ \
vino es: \ \
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries: venir vino
venir ( conjugate venir) verbo intransitivo 1
a) ( a un lugar) to come;

◊ vine en tren I came by train;
¿a qué vino? what did he come by o around for?; vine dormida todo el tiempo I slept (for) the whole journey; vino por or (Esp) a por algn/algo to come for sb/sth, come to pick sb/sth up; la vino a buscar su madre her mother came to pick her up; ven a ver esto come and see this
b) ( volver) to come back;

◊ ahora vengo I'll be back in a moment;
no vengas tarde don't be late home o back
c) ( salir):

◊ me vino con un cuento he came up with some excuse;
no me vengas con exigencias don't start making demands 2
a) ( tener lugar):

◊ ahora viene esa escena que te conté that scene I told you about is coming up now;
¿qué viene después de las noticias? what's on after the news?; ya vendrán tiempos mejores things will get better
b) ( indicando procedencia) vino de algo to come from sth;

◊ viene de la India it comes from India;
le viene de familia it runs in his family; ¿a qué viene eso? why do you say that?
c) ( indicando presentación) to come;

◊ viene en tres tamaños it comes in three sizes

d) ( estar incluido):

◊ viene en primera página it's on the front page;
no viene nada sobre la huelga there's nothing about the strike 3 ( convenir):
◊ estas cajas me vendrían muy bien these boxes would come in handy;
el jueves no me viene bien Thursday's no good for me; me vendría bien un descanso I could do with a rest 4 ( como aux):
◊ esto viene a confirmar mis sospechas this confirms my suspicions;
hace mucho que lo venía diciendo I'd been saying so all along venirse verbo pronominal ( enf)
a) ( a un lugar) to come;

◊ se vinieron a pie they came on foot;
vinose abajo [ persona] to go to pieces; [ techo] to fall in, collapse; [ estante] to collapse; [ ilusiones] to go up in smoke; [ proyectos] to fall through
b) ( volver) to come back

vino sustantivo masculino ( bebida) wine;
◊ vino dulce/seco sweet/dry wine;
vino blanco/rosado/tinto white/rosé/red wine; vino de la casa house wine
venir verbo intransitivo
1 to come
ven y mira lo que he dibujado, come and see what I've drawn
2 (llegar) to come: viene el invierno, winter is coming
acaba de venir de la tienda, he's just come from the shop
3 (volver) to come back: vengo en un minuto, I'll be back in a minute
4 (proceder) to come from: estos juguetes vienen de China, these toys come from China
5 (surgir, sobrevenir) me vino la gripe, I went down with flu (suceder) entonces vino la guerra civil, then came the civil war
6 (quedar) este jersey me viene grande, this sweater is too big for me
7 (aparecer, presentarse) to come: esa información viene en el capítulo dos, that information comes in chapter two
¿viene algo del terremoto?, is there anything about the earthquake?
viene en un estuche verde, it comes in a green case
8 (indicando aproximación) este libro viene a tener unos cien años, this book must be about a hundred years old Locuciones: venir al mundo, to be born
venir de lejos, to come from afar
vino sustantivo masculino wine
vino de mesa, table wine
vino espumoso, sparkling wine
vino rosado/clarete, rosé
vino tinto/blanco/dulce, red/white/sweet wine ' vino' also found in these entries: Spanish: afrutada - afrutado - añeja - añejo - aroma - ayuda - bar - bautizar - bebible - bodega - bota - cabeza - cabezón - cabezona - caja - caldo - cava - cielo - comarca - concesión - copa - criar - de - envejecer - escanciar - espumosa - espumoso - evanescente - excelente - fantástica - fantástico - fina - fino - fogosidad - generosa - generoso - granada - granado - idea - innegablemente - intención - ligue - manzanilla - ninguna - ninguno - obviedad - oporto - pan - picada - picado English: appreciate - appreciation - averse - awfully - barrel - best - body - boot - bottle - bottled - bouquet - Burgundy - butt - case - cave in - cellar - champagne - chill - come along - crack - disagree - dry wine - fall apart - full-bodied - fuzzy - glass - go - go around - goblet - godsend - heady - hunt - last - leave - little - mature - mellow - minus - never - nobody - old - over - plonk - pop in - port - pour out - prefer - pretext - quarter - red

['viːnǝʊ]
N vinacho * m, morapio m (Sp) *

English-spanish dictionary > vino
20 season

1. noun
1) (time of the year) Jahreszeit, die

dry/rainy season — Trocken-/Regenzeit, die

2) (time of breeding) (for mammals) Tragezeit, die; (for birds) Brutzeit, die; (time of flourishing) Blüte[zeit], die; (time when animal is hunted) Jagdzeit, die

nesting season — Nistzeit, die; Brut[zeit], die; see also academic.ru/13561/close_season">close season; open season

3) (time devoted to specified, social activity) Saison, die

harvest/opera season — Erntezeit, die/Opernsaison, die

football season — Fußballsaison, die

holiday or (Amer.) vacation season — Urlaubszeit, die; Ferienzeit, die

tourist season — Touristensaison, die; Reisezeit, die

‘the season’s greetings' — "ein frohes Weihnachtsfest und ein glückliches neues Jahr"

4)

raspberries are in/out of or not in season — jetzt ist die/nicht die Saison od. Zeit für Himbeeren

5) (ticket) see season ticket

6) (Theatre, Cinemat.) Spielzeit, die. See also high season; low season; silly 1. 1)
2. transitive verb
1) (lit. or fig.) würzen [Fleisch, Rede]

2) (mature) ablagern lassen [Holz]

seasoned — erfahren [Wahlkämpfer, Soldat, Reisender]

* * *
['si:zn] 1. noun
1) (one of the main divisions of the year according to the regular variation of the weather, length of day etc: The four seasons are spring, summer, autumn and winter; The monsoon brings the rainy season.) die Jahreszeit

2) (the usual, proper or suitable time for something: the football season.) die Saison
2. verb
1) (to add salt, pepper, mustard etc to: She seasoned the meat with plenty of pepper.) würzen

2) (to let (wood) be affected by rain, sun etc until it is ready for use.) ablagern

•

- seasonable
- seasonal
- seasoned
- seasoning
- season ticket
- in season
- out of season
* * *

sea·son

[ˈsi:z^ən]

I. n

1. (period of year) Jahreszeit f

the \season of Advent/Lent die Advents-/Fastenzeit

the Christmas/Easter \season die Weihnachts-/Osterzeit

the compliments of the \season frohes Fest

the \season of good will die Zeit der Nächstenliebe

\season's greetings fröhliche Weihnachten und ein glückliches neues Jahr

the dry/rainy/monsoon \season die Trocken-/Regen-/Monsunzeit

the festive \season BRIT die Feiertage pl (Weihnachten)

2. (period of ripeness) Saison f

oysters are in/out of \season at the moment zurzeit gibt es/gibt es keine Austern

apple/strawberry \season Apfel-/Erdbeerzeit f

flowering \season Blüte f

3. ZOOL fruchtbare Zeit

to be in \season brünstig sein; dog läufig sein; cat rollig sein fam

mating \season Paarungszeit f

4. (business period) Saison f, Hauptzeit f

at the height of the \season in der [o zur] Hochsaison

holiday \season Ferienzeit f

summer \season Sommersaison f

busy [or high] \season Hochsaison f

low \season (before height) Vorsaison f; (after height) Nachsaison f, SCHWEIZ a. Nebensaison nt

in/out of \season während/außerhalb der Saison

5. SPORT Saison f

baseball/cricket/football \season Baseball-/Kricket-/Fußballsaison f

fishing/hunting \season Angel-/Jagdzeit f

close/open \season (hunting) Schon-/Jagdzeit f; (fishing) Zeit f, in der das Angeln verboten/erlaubt ist

in/out of \season (hunting) während/außerhalb der Jagdzeit; (fishing) während/außerhalb der Angelzeit

6. (period of entertainment) Saison f; THEAT Spielzeit f

7. (period for society events) Saison f

8. BRIT ( fam: season ticket) Dauerkarte f, Zeitkarte f; SPORT Saisonkarte f; THEAT Abonnement nt

II. vt

1. (add flavouring)

▪ to \season sth [with sth] etw [mit etw dat] würzen

lightly/heavily \seasoned leicht/stark gewürzt

the stew's done, but it needs to be \seasoned der Eintopf ist fertig, aber er muss noch abgeschmeckt werden

2. (dry out)

to \season wood Holz ablagern lassen

3. (mature)

to \season tobacco/wine Tabak/Wein [aus]reifen lassen

III. vi

1. FOOD würzen, abschmecken

to \season to taste nach Geschmack würzen

2. (dry out) wood [ab]lagern

3. (mature) tobacco, wine [aus]reifen

* * *
['siːzn]
1. n

1) (of the year) Jahreszeit f

rainy/monsoon season — Regen-/Monsunzeit f

2) (= social season, sporting season etc) Saison f

nesting/hunting season — Brut-/Jagdzeit f

the football season — die Fußballsaison

the strawberry season — die Erdbeerzeit

strawberries are in season/out of season now — für Erdbeeren ist jetzt die richtige/nicht die richtige Zeit

their bitch is in season — ihre Hündin ist läufig

in and out of season — andauernd, jahrein (und) jahraus

to go somewhere out of/in season — an einen Ort fahren or gehen, wenn keine Saison/wenn Saison ist

at the height of the season — in der or zur Hochsaison

the height of the London season — der Höhepunkt der Londoner Saison

"Season's greetings" — "fröhliche Weihnachten und ein glückliches neues Jahr"

totally last season (inf) — absolut von gestern (inf)

3) (THEAT) Spielzeit f

they did a season at La Scala — sie spielten eine Saison lang an der Scala

for a season — eine Spielzeit lang; (TV, Film) Serie f; (of series) Staffel f

a Dustin Hoffman season, a season of Dustin Hoffman films — eine Serie von Dustin-Hoffman-Filmen

4) (fig liter)

in due season — zu gegebener Zeit

in good season — rechtzeitig

if I might offer a word in season — wenn ich dazu meinen Rat anbieten darf

2. vt

1) food würzen; (fig = temper) durchsetzen

2) wood ablagern; (fig = inure) troops stählen

* * *

season [ˈsiːzn]

A s

1. (Jahres)Zeit f:

the cold season;

the four seasons (of the year) die vier Jahreszeiten; → dry A 3, rainy 1

2. a) (rechte) Zeit (für etwas), günstigste Zeit

b) (Reife)Zeit f

c) JAGD Paarungszeit f

d) Zeitpunkt m:

at that season zu diesem Zeitpunkt;

in season (gerade) reif oder (günstig) auf dem Markt zu haben (Früchte), JAGD jagdbar, ZOOL brünstig (Tier), fig rechtzeitig, zur rechten Zeit;

in due season zu gegebener Zeit;

cherries are now in (out of) season jetzt ist (keine) Kirschenzeit;

a word in season ein Rat zur rechten Zeit;

out of season nicht (auf dem Markt) zu haben, JAGD nicht jagdbar, fig unpassend, zur Unzeit;

in and out of season jederzeit;

for a season eine Zeit lang; → close season, open B 13

3. Saison f, Haupt(betriebs-, -geschäfts)zeit f: → dull A 6, high season, low season, off C 9

4. (Veranstaltungs- etc)Saison f:

first win of the season SPORT erster Saisonsieg;

baseball season Baseballsaison oder -spielzeit f; → theatrical A 1

5. (Bade- etc) Saison f, (Ferien-, Urlaubs) Zeit f

6. a) REL Festzeit f, besonders Weihnachts-, Oster-, Pfingstzeit f

b) oft Season Weihnachten n und pl:

“season’s greetings” „frohes Fest!“; → compliment A 3

7. Br umg → season ticket

B v/t

1. Speisen würzen, abschmecken, anmachen ( alle:

with mit)

2. fig würzen ( with mit):

seasoned with wit geistreich

3. Tabak etc (aus)reifen lassen:

seasoned wine ausgereifter oder abgelagerter Wein

4. Holz ablagern

5. eine Pfeife einrauchen

6. gewöhnen (to an akk), abhärten:

be seasoned to a climate an ein Klima gewöhnt sein;

a seasoned stomach ein robuster Magen;

seasoned soldiers fronterfahrene Soldaten;

troops seasoned by battle kampferprobte Truppen

7. sein Temperament etc mäßigen

C v/i

1. (aus)reifen

2. ablagern, austrocknen (Holz)

* * *
1. noun
1) (time of the year) Jahreszeit, die

dry/rainy season — Trocken-/Regenzeit, die

2) (time of breeding) (for mammals) Tragezeit, die; (for birds) Brutzeit, die; (time of flourishing) Blüte[zeit], die; (time when animal is hunted) Jagdzeit, die

nesting season — Nistzeit, die; Brut[zeit], die; see also close season; open season

3) (time devoted to specified, social activity) Saison, die

harvest/opera season — Erntezeit, die/Opernsaison, die

football season — Fußballsaison, die

holiday or (Amer.) vacation season — Urlaubszeit, die; Ferienzeit, die

tourist season — Touristensaison, die; Reisezeit, die

‘the season’s greetings' — "ein frohes Weihnachtsfest und ein glückliches neues Jahr"

4)

raspberries are in/out of or not in season — jetzt ist die/nicht die Saison od. Zeit für Himbeeren

5) (ticket) see season ticket

6) (Theatre, Cinemat.) Spielzeit, die. See also high season; low season; silly 1. 1)
2. transitive verb
1) (lit. or fig.) würzen [Fleisch, Rede]

2) (mature) ablagern lassen [Holz]

seasoned — erfahren [Wahlkämpfer, Soldat, Reisender]

* * *

n.

Jahreszeit f.

Saison -s f. v.

würzen v.

English-german dictionary > season

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